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Due to the growing use of high-dimensional data and methodological advances in medical research, reproducibility of research is increasingly dependent on the availability of reproducible code. However, code is rarely made available and too often only partly reproducible. Here, we aim to provide practical and easily implementable recommendations for medical researchers to improve the reproducibility of their code. We reviewed current coding practices in the population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. Based on this review, we formulated the following five recommendations to improve the reproducibility of code used in data analysis: (1) make reproducibility a priority and allocate time and resources; (2) implement systematic code review by peers, as it further strengthens reproducibility. We provide a code review checklist, which serves as a practical tool to facilitate structured code review; (3) write comprehensible code that is well-structured; (4) report decisions transparently, for instance by providing the annotated workflow code for data cleaning, formatting and sample selection; and (5) focus on accessibility of code and data and share both, when possible, via an open repository to foster accessibility. Ideally, this repository should be managed by the institution and should be accessible to everyone. Based on these five recommendations, medical researchers can take actionable steps to improve the reproducibility of their research. Importantly, these recommendations are thought to provide a practical starting point for enhancing reproducibility rather than mandatory guidelines.
To identify how family caregivers adapt to the caregiving role following a relative's COVID-19-related intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalisation.
Family caregiving is often associated with poor health amongst caregivers which may limit their capacity to effectively support patients. Though severe COVID-19 infection has necessitated increasing numbers of persons who require caregiver support, little is known about these caregivers, the persons they are caring for, or the strategies used to effectively adjust to the caregiving role.
A qualitative descriptive study design was adopted, and findings are reported using COREQ.
A secondary analysis of transcripts from semi-structured interviews conducted with recently discharged ICU patients who had COVID-19 (n = 16) and their family caregivers (n = 16) was completed using thematic analysis. MAXQDA 2020 and Miro were used to organise data and complete coding. Analysis involved a structured process of open and closed coding to identify and confirm themes that elucidated adaptation to family caregiving.
Six themes highlight how family caregivers adapt to the caregiving role following an ICU COVID-19-related hospitalisation including (1) engaging the support of family and friends, (2) increased responsibilities to accommodate caregiving, (3) managing emotions, (4) managing infection control, (5) addressing patient independence and (6) engaging support services. These themes were found to be congruent with the Roy adaptation model.
Family caregiving is a stressful transition following a patient's acute hospitalisation. Effective adaptation requires flexibility and sufficient support, beginning with the care team who can adequately prepare the family for the anticipated challenges of recovery.
Clinical teams may improve post-hospitalisation care outcomes of patients by preparing families to effectively adjust to the caregiver role—particularly in identifying sufficient support resources.
Participation of patients/caregivers in this study was limited to the data provided through participant interviews.
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