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To explore the latent categories and influencing factors of dyadic decision self-efficacy among stroke patients and their caregivers.
A cross-sectional survey involving 305 patient-caregiver pairs was conducted using standardised questionnaires. Latent profile analysis was used to identify dyadic self-efficacy categories and multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyse influencing factors.
The dyadic decision self-efficacy of stroke patients and their caregivers was classified into three categories: low common decision self-efficacy group (35.6%), patients' high decision self-efficacy and caregivers' moderate decision self-efficacy group (38.6%), and high common decision self-efficacy group (25.8%). Influencing factors included patients' education level, income and health literacy, as well as caregivers' education, caregiving duration and social support.
The levels of dyadic decision self-efficacy among stroke patients and their caregivers are heterogeneous. Clinicians can develop targeted interventions involving both patients and caregivers, based on the population's characteristics and influencing factors, to improve their dyadic decision self-efficacy.
This study was conducted and reported in accordance with the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines.
To examine the effects of depression on dyadic self-care in stroke patients and their caregivers, as well as the potential mediating role of self-efficacy in this relationship.
A multi-centre cross-sectional study design was employed.
From May to September 2022, stroke patients and their caregivers were recruited from China using a multi-centre stratified sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using a structural equation model based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model extended to include mediation. Depression in patients and caregivers was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The self-care self-efficacy scale was utilised to measure patient self-efficacy, while the caregiver self-efficacy in contributing to patient self-care scale was used for caregivers. Patient self-care was evaluated with the Self-Care of Stroke Inventory and caregiver contributions to self-care were assessed using the Caregiver Contributions to Self-Care of Stroke Inventory.
This study followed the STROBE checklist.
306 patient-caregiver dyads were enrolled. The direct effect between depression and dyadic self-care was not confirmed in stroke patients and their caregivers (p > 0.05). Patient self-efficacy had significant indirect actor effects on self-care maintenance (β = −0.173, p < 0.001), monitoring (β = −0.146, p < 0.001) and management (β = −0.186, p < 0.001). Caregiver self-efficacy had an indirect actor effect on caregiver contributions to self-care maintenance (β = −0.096, p < 0.001), monitoring (β = −0.073, p < 0.001) and management (β = −0.106, p < 0.001). The partner effect analysis showed caregiver self-efficacy plays a potential mediating role in the relationship between patient depression and caregiver contributions to self-care maintenance (β = −0.037, p = 0.036), monitoring (β = −0.028, p = 0.032) and management (β = −0.040, p = 0.036). Caregiver depression reduced caregiver self-efficacy, lowering patient self-care monitoring (β = −0.040, p = 0.004) and management (β = −0.047, p = 0.002) levels.
The findings indicate interactive effects between depression, self-efficacy and dyadic self-care among stroke patients and their caregivers. Therefore, the development of targeted dyadic interventions to address depression and enhance self-efficacy in both patients and caregivers should be considered.
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