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Timor-Leste has one of the world’s highest estimated tuberculosis (TB) incidences, yet the data which informs this estimate is limited and the true burden of TB disease is not known. TB prevalence surveys offer the best means of determining robust estimates of disease burden. This study aims to provide an estimate of the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB in Timor-Leste and provide additional insights into diagnostic coverage and health-seeking behaviour of persons with symptoms suggestive of TB.
A national population-based cross-sectional cluster survey will be conducted in which participants aged 15 years and older will be screened for pulmonary TB using an algorithm consisting of symptom screening and digital X-ray of the chest with computer-aided detection software for X-ray interpretation. Xpert Ultra and liquid culture methods will be used to confirm survey TB cases. Additional data will be collected from persons reporting symptoms suggestive of TB to assess health-seeking behaviour and access to TB diagnosis and care. The survey aims to screen a target sample population of 20 068 people, living within 50 clusters, representing every municipality of Timor-Leste. Bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB prevalence will be estimated using WHO-recommended methods.
Research ethics approval has been granted by the human research ethics committee of the Northern Territory, Australia, and the Instituto Nacional da Saúde, Timor-Leste. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and disseminated with relevant stakeholders.
ACTRN12623000718640.
To appraise and synthesize research investigating optimizing the administration of solid oral dosage forms (SODFs) to adults with swallowing difficulties.
An integrative review.
An electronic search was conducted on Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Public Medline interface), Elsevier SciVerse Scopus and Scientific Electronic Library Online (updated February 2023). Restriction regarding the publication date was not considered for the inclusion of records. Studies addressing risks, general aspects, recommendations about patient postural adjustments, swallowing techniques, swallowing aids and aspects of concealment of SODFs were included.
Fifty-three records published between 2002 and 2021 were included. The main administration risks were aspiration, asphyxia and solid oral dosage form-induced oral/oesophageal mucosal lesions. The most frequent general aspect reported was administering one oral dosage form at a time. The sitting position was the most patient postural adjustment mentioned. The most frequently reported solid oral dosage form swallowing technique was the lean-forward method for capsules. Solid oral dosage form swallowing aids cited: tongue and throat lubricant and solid oral dosage form coating device, swallowing cup and swallowing straw.
The literature data on administering SODFs for adults with swallowing difficulties were appraised and synthesized. Some aspects, for example, not administering SODFs simultaneously, can make swallowing safer. Postural adjustments and solid oral dosage form swallowing aids are important to avoid administration risks. Swallowing SODFs can be easier if learned by techniques. Liquid and food are helpful as vehicles, and several of these have been listed.
By optimizing the contributing factors of administering oral pharmacotherapy, the nurse can use appropriate practices to improve patient safety. Additionally, knowing and establishing the administration aspects are reasonable steps for standardizing care for patients with swallowing oral dosage form difficulties.
This study addressed administering SODFs to adult patients with swallowing difficulties. The administration of SODFs to adult patients with swallowing difficulties can be optimized if only one oral dosage form at a time is administrated and if patient postural adjustments, swallowing techniques and swallowing aids are used. This investigation will impact the care of patients with swallowing difficulties.
The authors declare they adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines and report following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Statement.
No patient or public contribution.
Introducción: Actualmente, la enfermera cobra un protagonismo creciente en la atención de pacientes en los servicios de urgencias, por lo que resulta básico conocer su producción científica. Este ámbito presenta un elevado volumen de pacientes muy diversos en los que el tiempo en la asistencia es esencial, lo que hace más preciado el valor del conocimiento procedente de dichas investigaciones y, consecuentemente, la práctica basada en evidencias científicas. Metodología: Se ha realizado una revisión bibliométrica mediante un diseño descriptivo transversal de la producción científica sobre enfermería de urgencias, de los artículos publicados en la base de datos de Cuiden Plus desde su inicio hasta final de 2015. Utilizando los indicadores: personales, citación o impacto, índice de inmediatez, cuartil ordinal, repercusión histórica Cuiden, indicadores de contenido e indicadores de colaboración. Resultados: Se pudo observar que el período más productivo fue desde el año 2008 hasta 2013 y que un 60% de los artículos fueron publicados en revistas españolas. En relación a los autores, se observó un índice de colaboración de 3.21 y de multiautoría de 3.37. La temática dominante fue “Técnicas y actuaciones y cuidados de enfermería”, duplicando a la siguiente que fue “Investigación, formación y docencia”. Discusión: La publicación de artículos científicos enfermeros sobre urgencias ha aumentado considerablemente en los últimos 15 años, centrándose en el cuidado del paciente y técnicas propias de la disciplina, lo que confirma el interés en la investigación y en la práctica clínica basada en la evidencia, a pesar de no publicar en revistas con impacto.
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