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Sarcopenia in systemic sclerosis: prevalence and impact--a systematic review and meta-analysis

Por: Tu · X. · Lin · T. · Ju · Y. · Shu · X. · Jiang · T. · Ge · N. · Yue · J.
Objective

This review aims to provide an estimate of sarcopenia prevalence and its impact on clinical characteristics in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

Embase, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systemically searched from inception to 24 May 2023.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

We included observational studies that reported the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with SSc.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction using standardised methods. Risk of bias was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Scale and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models.

Results

A total of 4583 articles were screened and 9 studies with data from 815 patients were included in the analysis (8 cross-sectional studies and 1 retrospective cohort study). The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with SSc was 22% (95% CI 17% to 28%). Patients with SSc with sarcopenia had a poorer quality of life (mean difference –12.02; 95% CI –19.11 to –4.93) and higher C reactive protein (CRP) levels (standardised mean difference 0.67; 95% CI 0.35 to 1.00).

Conclusions

Sarcopenia is common in patients with SSc. Patients with SSc with sarcopenia had a worse quality of life and higher CRP levels, based on our findings. Given the detrimental impact of sarcopenia on quality of life, future efforts aimed at early identification of sarcopenia in the clinical assessment of patients with SSc may have significance.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022368326.

Added value of non-contrast CT for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in older patients with suspected infection with an unknown focus: a retrospective diagnostic study

Por: Takada · T. · Yano · T. · Fujiishi · R. · Fujii · K. · Honjo · H. · Miyajima · M. · Hamaguchi · S. · Fukuhara · S.
Objectives

In older patients, the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is challenging. The aim was to evaluate the added value of CT to history, physical examination and urinalysis for the diagnosis of APN in older patients with suspected infection with an unknown focus.

Design

Retrospective diagnostic study.

Setting

Department of General Medicine in an acute care hospital in Japan.

Participants

Patients aged ≥65 years who underwent blood cultures, a urine culture, and chest and abdominal CT to detect the focus of infection were included.

Primary outcome measures

Two radiologists independently reviewed four non-contrast CT signs: perirenal fat stranding, pelvicalyceal wall thickening, enlargement of the kidney and thickening of Gerota’s fascia. Findings on contrast-enhanced CT could not be evaluated due to an insufficient number of patients in whom contrast-enhanced CT was performed. An expert panel was used as the reference standard for APN. The added value of CT findings was quantified by comparing the diagnostic performance between a model based on 10 predictors available before CT and an extended model including the CT findings.

Results

Of 473 patients, 61 (14.8%) were diagnosed with APN. When the laterality of the CT findings was taken into account, the model fit was not improved by adding them. In the laterality-insensitive analysis, the model performance was significantly improved by adding the CT signs (likelihood-ratio test p=0.03; c-index 0.89 vs 0.91, p=0.03). However, their clinical utility was only to improve the classification of 11.5% of patients with APN.

Conclusions

The added value of non-contrast CT findings to history, physical examination and urinalysis was limited for the diagnosis of APN in older patients with a suspected infection with an unknown focus.

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