Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, disproportionately affecting low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Physical inactivity, a key contributor to NCDs, is prevalent worldwide despite evidence supporting the health benefits of physical activity (PA). Cities, while often associated with barriers to PA, also present unique opportunities to enhance PA through systemic, context-sensitive interventions or so-called actions. However, evidence on effective city-level PA strategies, particularly in LMICs, remains limited. The CITY based interventions to stimulate active MOVEment for health (CITY-MOVE) project aims to accelerate, support and evaluate the implementation of PA actions at the city level by adapting the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity into locally relevant strategies across six cities worldwide, accompanied by a cross-contextual evaluation framework to ensure transferability and scalability.

This multicase study examines 13 PA actions in six cities (Bogotá, Lima, Kampala, Antwerp, Rotterdam and Ljubljana) across three continents, addressing both early (design and implementation) and late (evaluation) action stages. Early-stage actions employ action research in Living Labs to codesign and implement PA initiatives with local stakeholders, while late-stage interventions focus on retrospective evaluations of implementation outcomes. The framework integrates the Medical Research Council guidance on complex interventions with the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions. Mixed methods are employed, including document review, interviews, participatory workshops and quantitative analysis of PA and NCD indicators. A cross-contextual Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework will synthesise findings to inform scalability and transferability of actions.

Ethics approvals were obtained from local review boards in the participating cities.

Dissemination will occur at three levels: local, regional and global. Locally, findings will be shared with city authorities, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and healthcare providers through Living Labs and policy dialogues. At the regional level, knowledge will be spread across cities in Europe, Latin America and East Africa through Communities of Practice and the use of tools like the MCDA framework. Globally, the project will contribute to the scientific community and international organisations such as the WHO and UN-Habitat, by sharing results through open access publications, conferences and global networks to ensure widespread dissemination and sustainability of the project’s impacts.

This study and its outcomes are publicly accessible on OSF (https://osf.io/mn8zd/) and ZENODO (https://zenodo.org/communities/citymove/).

A dashboard was developed with and for Irish general practitioners (GPs) to improve their understanding of practice data. The aim of this study was to design and develop interactive CARA dashboards to enable Irish GPs to visualise patient data and compare their data with other practices.

An interpretivist qualitative approach was taken to create a deeper understanding of how GPs view and engage with data. It included four stages: (a) problem formulation, (b) building, intervention and evaluation, (c) reflection and learning and (d) formalisation of learning. The process included interviews to explore what type of information GPs need, as well as iterative testing of the CARA dashboard prototype.

General practice.

GPs, design experts and domain experts (antibiotic prescribing and stewardship).

Key challenges identified from the interviews (context, sense-making, audits, relevance, action, engagement and ease of use) formed the basis for developing the CARA dashboard prototype. The first exemplar dashboard focused on antibiotic prescribing to develop and showcase the proposed platform, including automated audit reports, filters (within-practice) and between-practice comparisons, as well as a visual overview of practice demographics. The design thinking approach helped to capture and build an understanding of the GPs’ perspectives and identify unmet needs. This approach benefits the quality improvement methodology commonly adopted across healthcare, which aims to understand the process, not the users.

The development of a useful dashboard is based on two key elements: users’ requirements and their continued involvement in the development of content and overall design decisions. The next step will be an incremental inclusion of GPs using the dashboard and an exploratory study on dashboard engagement. Additional dashboards, such as for chronic disease, will be developed.