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Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the leading causes of childhood disability globally with a high burden in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Preliminary findings from the global LMIC CP Register (GLM CPR) suggest that the majority of CP in LMICs are due to potentially preventable causes. Such data are lacking in the Latin American region. Generating comparable epidemiological data on CP from this region could enable translational research and services towards early diagnosis and early intervention. We aim to establish a Latin American multicountry network and online data repository of CP called Latin American Cerebral Palsy Register (LATAM-CPR).
The LATAM-CPR will be modelled after the GLM CPR and will support new and emerging Latin American CP registers following a harmonised protocol adapted from the GLM CPR and piloted in Argentina (ie, Argentine Register of Cerebral Palsy). Both population-based and institution-based surveillance mechanisms will be adopted for registration of children with CP aged less than 18 years to the participating CP registers. The data collection form of the LATAM-CPR will include risk factors, clinical profile, rehabilitation, socioeconomical status of children with CP. Descriptive data on the epidemiology of CP from each participating country will be reported, country-specific and regional data will be compared.
Individual CP registers have applied ethics approval from respective national human research ethics committees (HREC) and/or institutional review boards prior to the establishment and inclusion into the LATAM-CPR. Ethical approval for LATAM-CPR has already been obtained from the HREC in the two countries that started (Argentina and Mexico). Findings will be disseminated and will be made publicly available through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and social media communications.
To understand the experiences of advanced practice nurses working in cancer care.
Phenomenological qualitative study.
Three focus groups were held to collect qualitative data. Participants were recruited through theoretical non-probabilistic sampling of maximum variation, based on 12 profiles. Data saturation was achieved with a final sample of 21 oncology advanced practice nurses who were performing advanced clinical practice roles in the four centers from December 2021 to March 2022. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed following Guba and Lincoln's criteria of trustworthiness. The centers' ethics committee approved the study, and all participants gave written informed consent. Data analysis was undertaken with NVivo 12 software.
Three broad themes emerged from the data analysis: the role performed, facilitators and barriers in the development of the role and nurses' lived experience of the role.
Advanced practice nurses are aware that they do not perform their role to its full potential, and they describe different facilitators and barriers. Despite the difficulties, they present a positive attitude as well as a capacity for leadership, which has allowed them to consolidate the advanced practice nursing role in unfavourable environments.
These results will enable institutions to establish strategies at different levels in the implementation and development of advanced practice nursing roles.
Reporting complied with COREQ criteria for qualitative research.
No patient or public contribution.
by Ana Silvia Ibarra-Sanchez, Birgit Abelsen, Gang Chen, Torbjørn Wisløff
Social differences in body mass index and health behaviors are a major public health challenge. The uneven distribution of unhealthy body mass index and of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol consumption has been shown to mediate social inequalities in chronic diseases. While differential exposures to these health variables have been investigated, the extent to which they vary over the lifetime in the same population and their relationship with level of education is not well understood. This study examines patterns of body mass index and multiple health behaviors (smoking, physical activity and alcohol consumption), and investigates their association with education level among adults living in Northern Norway. It presents findings from a longitudinal multiple correspondence analysis of the Tromsø Study. Longitudinal data from 8,906 adults aged 32–87 in 2007–2008, with repeated measurements in 2015–2016 were retrieved from the survey’s sixth and seventh waves. The findings suggest that most in the study population remained in the same categories of body mass index and the three health behaviors at the follow-up, with a clear educational gradient in healthy patterns. That is, both healthy changes and maintained healthy categories were associated with the highest education levels. Estimating differential exposures to mediators of health inequalities could benefit policy priority setting for tackling inequalities in health.The aim was to explore the association of demographic and prehospital parameters with short-term and long-term mortality in acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease by using a hazard model, focusing on elderly individuals, by comparing patients under 75 years versus patients over 75 years of age.
Prospective, multicentre, observational study.
Emergency medical services (EMS) delivery study gathering data from two back-to-back studies between 1 October 2019 and 30 November 2021. Six advanced life support (ALS), 43 basic life support and five hospitals in Spain were considered.
Adult patients suffering from acute life-threatening cardiovascular disease attended by the EMS.
The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality from any cause within the first to the 365 days following EMS attendance. The main measures included prehospital demographics, biochemical variables, prehospital ALS techniques used and syndromic suspected conditions.
A total of 1744 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The 365-day cumulative mortality in the elderly amounted to 26.1% (229 cases) versus 11.6% (11.6%) in patients under 75 years old. Elderly patients (≥75 years) presented a twofold risk of mortality compared with patients ≤74 years. Life-threatening interventions (mechanical ventilation, cardioversion and defibrillation) were also related to a twofold increased risk of mortality. Importantly, patients suffering from acute heart failure presented a more than twofold increased risk of mortality.
This study revealed the prehospital variables associated with the long-term mortality of patients suffering from acute cardiovascular disease. Our results provide important insights for the development of specific codes or scores for cardiovascular diseases to facilitate the risk of mortality characterisation.
by Laura Capitán-Moyano, Nerea Cañellas-Iniesta, María Arias-Fernández, Miquel Bennasar-Veny, Aina M. Yáñez, Enrique Castro-Sánchez
Food insecurity in recent years has increased worldwide due to many planetary events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, the climate crisis, and globalization of markets. Adolescents are a particularly vulnerable group to food insecurity, as they enter adulthood with less parental supervision and greater personal autonomy, but less legislative or institutional protection. The experience of food insecurity in adolescents is influenced by several environmental factors at different levels (interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal), although they are not usually addressed in the design of interventions, prioritizing the individual behavioural factors. We present a scoping review protocol for assessing and identifying the environmental factors that could influence adolescents’ food insecurity. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) to prepare the protocol. The search strategy will be performed in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, EMBASE, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, EBSCOHost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Plus. The reference list of the included studies will also be hand-searched. Grey literature will be search through the electronic database Grey Literature Report, and local, provincial, national, and international organisations’ websites. Assessment of eligibility after screening of titles, abstract and full text, and the resolution of discrepancies will be performed by three independent reviewers. This scoping review will contribute to refine the “logic model of the problem” which constitutes the first step in the intervention mapping protocol. The “logic model of the problem” from the intervention mapping protocol will serve to classify and analyse the environmental factors. The findings from this review will be presented to relevant stakeholders that have a role in shaping the environmental factors.This study aims to assess sample selection bias in mobile phone survey estimates of fertility and under-5 mortality.
With data from the Demographic and Health Surveys, we use logistic regressions to identify sociodemographic correlates of mobile phone ownership and access, and Poisson regressions to estimate the association between mobile phone ownership (or access) and fertility and under-5 mortality estimates. We evaluate the potential reasons why estimates by mobile phone ownership differ using a set of behavioural characteristics.
34 low-income and middle-income countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa.
534 536 women between the ages of 15 and 49.
Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) and total fertility rate (TFR).
Mobile phone ownership ranges from 23.6% in Burundi to 96.7% in Armenia. The median TFR ratio and U5MR ratio between the non-owners and the owners of a mobile phone are 1.48 and 1.29, respectively. Fertility and mortality rates would be biased downwards if estimates are only based on women who own or have access to mobile phones. Estimates of U5MR can be adjusted through poststratification using age, educational level, area of residence, wealth and marital status as weights. However, estimates of TFR remain biased even after adjusting for these covariates. This difference is associated with behavioural factors (eg, contraceptive use) that are not captured by the poststratification variables, but for which there are also differences between mobile phone owners and non-owners.
Mobile phone surveys need to collect data on sociodemographic background characteristics to be able to weight and adjust mortality estimates ex post facto. Fertility estimates from mobile phone surveys will be biased unless further research uncovers the mechanisms driving the bias.
Nearly 30 000 Mexican women develop breast cancer annually, frequently presenting unmet supportive care needs. In high-income countries, incorporating electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) into cancer care has demonstrated potential for increasing patient-centred care and reducing unmet needs. No such ePRO interventions have been implemented in Mexico. This paper presents the study protocol for designing and evaluating an ePRO digital health application combined with proactive follow-up by nurses.
We designed a two-component intervention for women receiving breast cancer treatment: a responsive web application for monitoring ePROs and clinical algorithms guiding proactive follow-up by nurses. We will conduct a pilot test of the intervention with 50 patients with breast cancer for 6 weeks to assess feasibility and adjust the application. We will conduct a parallel arm randomised controlled trial assigning 205 patients each to intervention and control in one of Mexico’s largest public oncology hospitals. The intervention will be provided for 6 months, with additional 3 months of post-intervention observation. The control group will receive usual healthcare and a list of breast cancer information sources. Women diagnosed with stages I, II or III breast cancer who initiate chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy will be invited to participate. The primary study outcome will be supportive care needs; secondary outcomes include global quality of life and breast symptoms. Information on the outcomes will be obtained through web-based self-administered questionnaires collected at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 9 months.
The National Research and Ethics Committees of the Mexican Institute of Social Security approved the study (R-2021-785-059). Participants will sign an informed consent form prior to their inclusion. Findings will be disseminated through a policy brief to the local authorities, a webinar for patients, publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at national and international conferences.
During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare providers have overcome difficult experiences such as workplace violence. Nurses are particularly vulnerable to workplace violence. The objective of this study was to characterize violence and aggression against nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America.
An electronic cross-sectional survey was conducted in 19 Latin American countries to characterize the frequency and type of violent actions against front-line healthcare providers.
Of the original 3544 respondents, 16% were nurses (n = 567). The mean age was 39.7 ± 9.0 years and 79.6% (n = 2821) were women. In total, 69.8% (n = 2474) worked in public hospitals and 81.1% (n = 2874) reported working regularly with COVID-19 patients. Overall, about 68.6% (n = 2431) of nurses experienced at least one episode of workplace aggression during the pandemic. Nurses experienced weekly aggressions more frequently than other healthcare providers (45.5% versus 38.1%, p < .007). Nurses showed a trend of lower reporting rates against the acts of aggression suffered (p = .076). In addition, nurses were more likely to experience negative cognitive symptoms after aggressive acts (33.4% versus 27.8%, p = .028). However, nurses reported considering changing their work tasks less frequently compared to other healthcare providers after an assault event (p = .005).
Workplace violence has been a frequent problem for all healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. Nurses were a particularly vulnerable subgroup, with higher rates of aggressions and cognitive symptoms and lower rate of complaints than other healthcare providers who suffered from workplace violence. It is imperative to develop strategies to protect this vulnerable group from aggressions during their tasks.
Missed nursing care is defined as care that is delayed, partially completed, or not completed at all. The scenario created by the COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced multifactorial determinants related to the care environment, nursing processes, internal processes, and decision-making processes, increasing missed nursing care.
This scoping review aimed to establish the quantity and type of research undertaken on missed nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. We searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, two national and regional databases, two dissertations and theses databases, a gray literature database, two study registers, and a search engine from November 1, 2019, to March 23, 2023. We included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed studies carried out in all healthcare settings that examined missed nursing care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Language restrictions were not applied. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction. Disagreements between the reviewers were resolved through discussion or with an additional reviewer.
We included 25 studies with different designs, the most common being acute care cross-sectional survey designs. Studies focused on determining the frequency and reasons for missed nursing care and its influence on nurses and organizational outcomes.
Missed nursing care studies during the COVID-19 pandemic were essentially nurses-based prevalence surveys. There is an urgent need to advance the design and development of longitudinal and intervention studies, as well as to broaden the focus of research beyond acute care. Further research is needed to determine the impact of missed nursing care on nursing-sensitive outcomes and from the patient's perspective.
La pandemia nos arrojó un escenario desolador con cifras que aún hoy, no han sido del todo recuperables; principalmente, para las mujeres y niñas, y los datos indican que los retos actuales, a pesar de ser globales, impactan de manera muy diferenciada en función del sexo. Así, empezábamos el nuevo año esperanzadas por el espacio de políticas globales que iban incorporándose a la agenda mundial; políticas palanca que hablaban de recuperación, reconstrucción y resiliencia, tres palabras llamaban a la acción entorno a dos líneas claras: aumentar las capacidades y disminuir vulnerabilidades. Porque no existe otra fórmula posible para generar sociedades resilientes que no tenga en cuenta la vigilancia, y monitorización de riesgos y factores que dejan atrapadas a las personas en un ciclo de vulnerabilidad. De esta forma, la COVID se enmarcó inicialmente como crisis sanitaria sin embargo, para su superación fue imprescindible la adopción de una perspectiva global y no tanto local, conectando territorios e interpelando a toda una comunidad mundial.
Justificación: la pandemia por Covid-19 ocasionó interrupción de los servicios dirigidos a atender las enfermedades crónicas provocando reajustes en el cuidado de los pacientes. Objetivo: Describir los cuidados populares empleados por los indígenas Pijao para el tratamiento y control de enfermedades crónicas, en contexto de pandemia, en Bogotá (Colombia). Metodología: Estudio cualitativo de tipo micro–etnográfico. Participaron 16 indígenas Pijao. Los datos, recolectados por medio de entrevistas y observación, fueron analizados temáticamente. Resultados: emergieron tres categorías, (1) del territorio de origen a la ciudad: cuidados populares para el tratamiento de las de enfermedades, (2) viviendo con la enfermedad: signos y síntomas de las de enfermedades, y (3) procura de otros recursos para el cuidado: autoatención y apoyo familiar. Conclusión: la trayectoria de cuidado de los Pijao con enfermedades crónicas fue permeada por la pandemia, convirtiendo los cuidados populares, caracterizados por un sincretismo de saberes, en parte fundamental de su rutina de cuidados.
Objetivo principal: Clarificar el significado de estrés de aculturación del inmigrante hispano, además de conocer cada una de las dimensiones y características propias del concepto, con la finalidad de comprender mejor las necesidades de la persona inmigrante que vive en los Estados Unidos. Metodología: El análisis de concepto se hizo a través de los ocho pasos propuestos por Walker y Avant. Resultados principales: Se identificaron tres dimensiones del concepto estrés de aculturación: (1) estresores personales, (2) estresores del entorno y (3) estresores sociales. Como antecedentes del concepto se identificó el arrepentimiento, la culpa y negación. En general, las consecuencias se reflejan en la salud mental del inmigrante hispano. Además, se reconoció los instrumentos de medi-ción que evalúan el estrés de aculturación. Conclusión principal: Se obtuvo una definición clara del concepto estrés de aculturación desde la perspectiva del inmigrante hispano, que ayudará a estimar la validez de constructo de las mediciones de este concepto. Las dimensiones reportadas con mayor frecuencia son consideradas en el inventario de estrés en hispanos, sin embargo, se recomienda analizar la validez de constructo del concepto. Sería importante considerar las consecuencias derivadas del estrés de aculturación en la prevención y tratamiento de la salud mental.
Objetivo: Conocer la percepción del liderazgo de enfermería desde las relaciones de poder, a partir de la opinión de las enfermeras, enfermeros recién titulados e integrantes del equipo de salud. Método: Investigación cualitativa, de tipo estudio de caso, con enfoque fenomenológico. Desarrollada en dos fases, aprobado por un comité de ética. Los participantes fueron enfermeras y enfermeros recién titulados e integrantes del equipo de salud. Se realizó muestreo por conveniencia, aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas, análisis de contenido y aplicación de pauta COREQ-32. Resultados: La categoría relaciones de poder da cuenta de una evolución histórica del liderazgo de enfermería y la existencia de relaciones de poder dentro del equipo de salud relacionado con profesión, género, diferencias generacionales y jerarquías administrativas. Conclusión: Se devela la existencia de relaciones de poder que influencian el ejercicio del liderazgo de enfermería, lo que ha obstaculizado la participación de enfermería en cargos directivos, precisando fortalecer las capacidades de liderazgo de enfermería.
Este escrito propone una reflexión en torno a la paulatina y desaforada desaparición de saberes y prácticas indígenas en América latina y el Caribe, por cuenta de las múltiples violencias operadas desde las intenciones conquistadoras y colonizadoras europeas sobre territorios y poblaciones americanas [Fragmento de texto].
Objetivo: comprender el significado del no abandono en el adulto mayor de la comunidad. Metodología: estudio cualitativo descriptivo realizado en un municipio de Guanajuato, México de febrero-diciembre 2022. Se eligieron personas mayores de 60 años sin distinción de género; tipo de muestreo por conveniencia con saturación de información con 8 participantes; los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas presenciales semi-estructuradas que fueron audio grabadas. Todos los participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado. Resultados: emergieron cuatro temas: 1. Necesidad de apoyo familiar, 2. Necesidad de sentirse integrado, 3. Necesidad de sentirse funcional y activo y 4. El abandono es soledad. Conclusión: el no abandono está construido a partir de la dinámica familiar y la funcionalidad, cada persona mayor le otorga un significado basado en la comunicación con sus familias, incluso a distancia, siendo reconfortante. Algunos viven solos y eso representa un espacio de satisfacción personal. La integración familiar es imperante, así mismo el mantenerse activos.
Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) patients experience many barriers when seeking quality healthcare services, including ineffective communication and negative relationships with their providers as well as a lack of provider competence (including knowledge, training, and experience) and humility (engagement in the process of self-reflection and self-critique) in treating TGNB individuals. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify factors associated with cultural competence and humility that facilitate and impede effective relationships between TGNB young adults and their healthcare providers.
Data came from individual interviews with 60 young adults aged 18 to 24 from Florida who self-identified as transgender or nonbinary. We analyzed the data using inductive thematic approaches, and a feminist perspective, to identify themes associated with patient-provider relationships.
We identified 4 themes related to patient-provider relationships: (1) Participants indicated effective patient-provider communication and relationships are facilitated by providers requesting and utilizing TGNB patients' correct names and personal pronouns. (2) Participant narratives conveyed their preferences that providers “follow their lead” in terms of how they described their own anatomy, reinforcing the utility of cultural humility as an approach for interactions with TGNB patients (3) Participants discussed the detrimental effects of TGNB patients having to educate their own providers about their identities and needs, suggesting clinicians' competence regarding gender diversity is paramount to fostering and maintaining patient comfort. (4) Finally, participants' responses indicated concerns regarding the confidentiality and privacy of the information they provided to their providers, suggesting a lack of trust detrimental to the process of building rapport between patients and their providers.
Our findings indicate balancing the use of cultural humility and cultural competence during clinical encounters with TGNB young adults can enhance patients' experiences seeking healthcare. Nursing education is often devoid of focus on caring for transgender and nonbinary persons. Additional provider training and education on approaching clinical encounters with TGNB patients with cultural humility and competence should improve patient-provider communication and relationships, leading to a higher quality of patient care.
Objetivo principal: Los profesionales sanitarios fueron los trabajadores más afectados por Covid-19, especialmente durante las primeras oleadas. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la percepción del riesgo de exposición al Covid-19, información recibida y participación laboral entre enfermeros, médicos y auxiliares de enfermería. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante una encuesta epidemiológica entre enfermeras, médicos y auxiliares de enfermería de un hospital universitario. Se realizó una validación de aspecto y contenido, un pretest cognitivo y un pilotaje de la encuesta epidemiológica con treinta sujetos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo utilizando media y desviación estándar (DE) para las variables cuantitativas y las frecuencias absolutas (n) y relativas (%) para variables cualitativas. Se aplicó el test chi-cuadrado y el test ANOVA para evaluar la asociación de las respuestas con las variables: sexo, tipo de trabajador, área de trabajo y actividad en Unidades Covid-19. Resultados principales: Las enfermeras, médicos y auxiliares de enfermería trabajaban principalmente en áreas asistenciales y en unidades de alto riesgo de exposición. Los auxiliares de enfermería y las enfermeras tenían una mayor percepción de riesgo. Las enfermeras estaban menos implicadas en la organización, pero se sentían más apoyadas por sus compañeros. Los médicos se sentían más apoyados por sus superiores y mejor atendidos cuando tenían problemas de salud. Conclusión principal: Las enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería presentaron mayor percepción de riesgo, las enfermeras se implicaron menos en la organización de la atención sanitaria, mientras que los médicos se sintieron más apoyados por sus superiores.
Introducción. Las heridas crónicas suponen un grave problema de salud con gran impacto socioeconómico debido a su morbimortalidad y a la afectación de la calidad de vida. Desde hace tiempo se conocen las propiedades de los lípidos en el sistema inmunitario. Un sistema inmunológico débil podría conducir a una infección o cronificación de las heridas. El colesterol es un lípido con importancia cuantitativa en las membranas de las células donde contribuye al mantenimiento de la fluidez de membrana. Unos niveles bajos de colesterol se relacionan con mayor riesgo de padecer infecciones. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los niveles de lípidos en pacientes con úlceras por presión infectadas. Metodología. Se estudiaron 77 pacientes del Departamento de Salud de Elche Hospital General con úlceras por presión infectadas en un periodo de un año. Resultados. Se ponen de manifiesto diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes con niveles de C-LDL por debajo de 70mg/dL y pacientes con niveles por encima de 70mg/dL que presentan un CT por debajo de 140mg/dL. Discusión. La investigación futura sobre estos aspectos ayudará a aclarar los mecanismos de transporte del colesterol hacia los tejidos para así protegerlos de las agresiones de los microorganismos.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Chronic wounds are a serious health problem with great socioeconomic impact due to their morbidity and mortality and the affectation of quality of life. The properties of lipids in the immune system have been known for a long time. A weak immune system could lead to infection or chronic wounds. Cholesterol is a quantitatively important lipid in cell membranes where it contributes to maintaining membrane fluidity. Low levels of cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of infections. The objective of the study was to analyze the levels of lipids in patients with pressure ulcers infected. Methodology. 77 patients with infections in pressure ulcers from the Health Department of Elche-General Hospital were studied for one year. Results. Statistically significant differences are revealed between patients with LDL-C levels below 70mg/dL and patients with levels above 70mg/dL. Levels of TC were below 140mg/dL in both groups. Discussion. Future research on these aspects will help clarify the mechanisms of cholesterol transport to the tissues and therefore protect them from microorganism aggressions.
Las úlceras por presión y las heridas crónicas son dos de las patologías más tratadas por el personal de enfermería en las salas de curas de atención primaria, especializada y atención domiciliaria. La correcta elección del material de cura es uno de los factores clave en el abordaje de estas lesiones. El objetivo de este artículo es brindar a los profesionales de enfermería de una herramienta para realizar la elección del material de cura basándose en su principio más básico: la situación del lecho de la herida.
Para ello, se han revisado los protocolos de cura de heridas de los principales sistemas de salud y sociedades científicas, y se han elaborado un diagrama que categoriza los lechos de las heridas en 16 tipologías basadas en la clasificación TIME y ofrece 13 combinaciones de apósitos y productos de cura.
Introducción: El asma, enfermedad crónica infantil más frecuente, está aumentando probablemente en relación a la exposición a factores ambientales. Estos están asociados a la aparición de asma y como desencadenante de síntomas. La literatura al respecto es controvertida. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar la posible influencia de la exposición a animales y/o humo de tabaco en el domicilio sobre el grado de control de la enfermedad y el número de exacerbaciones en población pediátrica asmática. Metodología: Estudio observacional realizado en población pediátrica que acudía a consulta de Neumología Pediátrica del hospital de referencia diagnosticados de asma y que tuviera pautado tratamiento inhalado. Como variable dependiente se consideró el número de exacerbaciones y como variables independientes se incluyeron sociodemográficas, variables asociadas a factores ambientales, así como a la técnica de inhalación. Resultados: Participaron 204 familias (66,7% niños). El 70,6% no tenían animales y el 78% no eran fumadores. La media de las exacerbaciones durante el periodo a estudio fue de 1,62. Un 84,8% de los/las pacientes presentan un buen control de la enfermedad. Discusión: Se encuentra relación entre el tener o no animales en casa y/o estar expuestos al tabaco y el grado de control de la enfermedad y número de exacerbaciones, confirmando lo descrito por varios autores. Es importante realizar una intervención individual donde se evalúen los factores que afectan a niños asmáticos y tratar los que sean modificables: manejo guiado de síntomas y tratamiento de exacerbaciones, consejo antitabaco, fomento actividad física… para mejorar su calidad de vida.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Asthma, the most common chronic disease in childhood, is probably increasing in relation to exposure to environmental factors. These are associated with the onset of asthma and as a trigger for symptoms. The evidence on this is controversial. The objective of this study is to verify the possible influence of exposure to animals and/or tobacco smoke at home on the degree of control of the disease and the number of exacerbations in the paediatric asthmatic population. Methodology: Observational study carried out in a paediatric population that were attended at the paediatric pulmonology consultation of the reference hospital diagnosed with asthma and who had scheduled inhaled treatment. The number of exacerbations was considered as a dependent variable, and sociodemographic variables, variables associated with environmental factors, as well as the inhalation technique were included as independent variables. Results: 204 families participated (66,7% boys). 70,6% did no have animals and 78% were not smokers. The mean number of exacerbations during the study period was 1,62. 84,4% of the patients have good control of the disease. Discussion: A relationship was found between having or not having animals at home and/or being exposed to tobacco smoke and the degree of control of the disease and the number of exacerbations, confirming what has been described by several authors. It is important to carry out an individual intervention where the factors that affect asthmatic children are evaluated and treat those that are modifiable: guided management of symptoms and treatment of exacerbations, anti-smoking advice, physical activity promotion … to improve their quality of life.
FreshRSS 