Factors Influencing Cardiac Rehabilitation Intention in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Qualitative Study Based on the Reasoned Action Approach

ABSTRACT

Aim

To explore the factors influencing the intention of patients with coronary heart disease to undergo cardiac rehabilitation.

Design

This is a qualitative content analysis study.

Methods

Semi structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted in the Department of Cardiology at a tertiary Grade-A hospital in Baoding, China, from January to March 2025. To ensure sample diversity, purposeful sampling was employed. The interview guide was based on the Reasoned Action Approach theory, literature review, and team deliberations. Data were analysed using deductive content analysis.

Results

Twenty patients with coronary heart disease participated in the interviews (average age 57.9 years; 10 males, 10 females; 0–360 months disease course). Nine themes were identified from the three dimensions of RAA attitudes, perceived norms, and perceived behavioural control, reflecting patients' attitudes regarding cardiac rehabilitation (rehabilitation is beneficial, safety concerns, and non-essential treatment strategy); the impact of external factors on cardiac rehabilitation in patients (lack of professional recommendations, lack of awareness among friends and family); and barriers and facilitators in the implementation of cardiac rehabilitation (limited resources, insufficient self-efficacy, responsibility-driven, and individualised needs are challenging to fulfil).

Conclusion

To enhance the cardiac rehabilitation intentions of patients with coronary heart disease, healthcare providers should comprehensively assess influencing factors from the patient's perspective. Tailored interventions should focus on cognitive restructuring, support system enhancement, and patient empowerment.

Implications for the Profession and Patient Care

This study highlights factors influencing patients' cardiac rehabilitation intentions. Nurses, equipped with relevant knowledge and skills, can provide systematic cardiac rehabilitation education during hospitalisation, thereby enhancing intentions and improving participation in cardiac rehabilitation.

Reporting Method

This study adheres to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients with coronary heart disease participated in the interviews and provided essential insights for this study.