Analysis of blood screening strategies and their efficacy among voluntary blood donors in a region of East China

by Yiming Jin, Rong Lu, Mingyuan Wang, Zihao Xu, Zhen Liu, Shuhong Xie, Yu Zhang

Objective

In this study, we aimed to analyze the blood screening detection strategies employed for voluntary blood donation in a specific region of East China and evaluate the efficacy of the blood safety detection system.

Donors and Methods

A total of 539,117 whole blood samples were collected from voluntary blood donors between January 2018 and July 2021, as well as in 2023 and 2024. The samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies/antigen (HIV Ab/Ag), and Treponema pallidum (TP) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured using a rapid method. Chemiluminescence immunoassay technology was used to detect five hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA. The reactivity rates of each marker were analyzed.

Results

The overall positivity rate for blood testing among donors in this region was 0.76% (4,078/539,117). The positivity rates for the individual markers were as follows: anti-TP (0.20%)> HBsAg (0.18%)> ALT (0.13%)> anti-HCV (0.085%)> nucleic acid testing (0.080%)> HIV antigen/anti-HIV (0.079%). No significant differences were observed (P > 0.05). Before 2023, the positivity rates for ALT and HBsAg exhibited occasional fluctuations, followed by a significant decline. Conversely, in 2024, a slight upward trend in the HIV positivity rate was noted.

Conclusion

The current multitiered blood screening and detection strategy in this region exhibits complementary advantages, ensuring effective blood safety. However, the observed slight upward trend in the HIV positivity rate among voluntary blood donors highlights the necessity for enhanced pre-donation counseling and risk assessment for key populations.

Effects of immersion bathing in <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> CLY-05 on the growth performance, non-specific immune enzyme activities and gut microbiota of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>

by Bin Li, Jinjin Wang, Jianlong Ge, Meijie Liao, Xiaojun Rong, Jinyan Wang, Yingeng Wang, Zheng Zhang, Chunyuan Wang, Yongxiang Yu

In order to study the optimal use of Lactobacillus plantarum in sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), 49 days feeding trial was conducted to determine the influence of immersion bathing in different concentrations of Lactobacillus plantarum CLY-05 on body weight gain rate and non-specific immune activities. The potential effect of CLY-05 on gut microbiota was also analyzed during the immersion bathing at the optimum concentration. The results showed that the body weight growth rate of all bathing groups was higher than that of control. The highest specific growth rate (4.58%) and weight gain rate (25.35%) was achieved at the bacterial concentration of 1×10³ CFU/mL. The activities of non-specific immune enzymes (ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM) of all bathing groups increased after immersion bathing, and the enzyme activities of groups bathed with the bacterium at 1×10³ and 1×10⁴ CFU/mL reached the highest. Therefore, 1×10³ CFU/mL was considered as the optimum concentration of L. plantarum CLY-05 for A. japonicus pond culture. The results of gut microbiota analysis showed that the gut microbiota changed with the addition of L. plantarum CLY-05, and the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota peaked on day 14 and day 21, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed that the non-specific immune enzyme activities were significantly correlated to some gut bacteria (in the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes) after immersion bathing in L. plantarum CLY-05. These findings provide the theoretical foundation for probiotic application in sea cucumber farming.