Nursing research often tests complex interventions. For example, the intervention may be delivered by different nurses, with varying levels of seniority and expertise and in diverse geographical locations. The efficacy (can it work) or effectiveness (does it work in the real world) of complex interventions is often evaluated within randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The most recent UK Medical Research Council (MRC) guidance1 on developing and evaluating complex interventions has shifted the emphasis from a focus of solely understanding whether or not an intervention achieves its intended outcomes to additional considerations such as why and how an intervention may, or may not, have an effect. The complex nature of the intervention, and the context within which it is delivered, means that there are multiple other processes that may influence whether or not the intervention is effective in real-world clinical practice.2 Process evaluations are recommended...

Nurses, despite playing a significant role in healthcare, have been found to possess poor dietary habits and face elevated rates of chronic illnesses. A recent systematic review by Marko and colleagues explored factors influencing healthy eating among nurses in hospital settings. Barriers included high accessibility of unhealthy foods, high costs and lack of storage/preparation facilities. Enablers included proximity to healthy options, roster planning and structured workplace programmes. Supportive networks were an interpersonal enabler, while work culture and...

The problem addressed in this study is the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to a healthier life expectancy.1 Life expectancy has been boosted in recent decades in developed countries, but not all of the increased life expectancy elapses in good health.2 This study aims to investigate the associations between levels of cardiovascular health through Life’s Essential...