The characteristics and prevalence of phobias in pregnancy

The primary objective was to estimate the population prevalence of specific phobias (including pregnancy related specific phobias) and associated mental disorders. The secondary objective was to investigate the effectiveness of routinely collected screening tools (depression and anxiety screens, Whooley and GAD-2 respectively) in identifying specific phobias. Specific phobias are the most common anxiety disorder to occur during pregnancy, but studies on prevalence and clinical correlates of specific phobias, including pregnancy related specific phobias are lacking.

Impact of parenting resources on breastfeeding, parenting confidence and relationships

Women's contact with health services during pregnancy and the postnatal period offer important opportunities to promote and support maternal wellbeing, breastfeeding and positive parenting practices. Breastfeeding supports the short and long-term health of both baby and mother (Victora et al., 2016). However, the decision to breastfeed is influenced by multiple complex factors at the individual, family, health system, and societal level (Dyson et al., 2009). Several studies have identified breastfeeding self-efficacy, defined as a mother's confidence in her ability to breastfeed her new infant, as an important factor in breastfeeding outcomes including duration and exclusivity (Blyth et al., 2008; Dennis, 2006).