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To analyse and synthesise knowledge on workplace violence perpetrated by patients and caregivers against nurses, its consequences and strategies to prevent this phenomenon.
A systematic review of the literature was conducted following the method of the Center for Reviews and Determination and reported in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. A pre-defined protocol was designed (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023432271).
Three researchers screened eligible studies independently. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess the risk of bias within the studies included.
Quantitative primary studies published between January 2012 and June 2023 were included through specific research strings used in the CINHAL, Scopus, PubMed and PsychInfo databases.
A total of 15 studies were selected, the majority of which were cross-sectional and observational. The consequences related to events of verbal and physical violence were highlighted, ranging from the psychological to the physical effects on nurses' mental health, for example, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache and sleep problems. Four studies analysed the strategies used to cope with such violence.
The results showed that aggression on the part of patients affects nurses' health adversely on both a personal and a work level, and makes it necessary to pay more attention to the phenomenon and to find strategies to reduce the incidents, such as developing policies to safeguard the professionals' physical and mental health.
Nurses and nursing managers should be aware of violence and its consequences on the victims' health. Therefore, it is essential for nursing managers to develop effective policies to reduce violence and its consequences.
To define nurse-led clinics in primary health care, identify barriers and enablers that influence their successful implementation, and understand what impact they have on patient and population health outcomes.
Nurse-led clinics definitions remain inconsistent. There is limited understanding regarding what enablers and barriers impact successful nurse-led clinic implementation and their impact on patient health care.
Scoping review using narrative synthesis.
PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched to identify nurse-led clinic definitions and models of care between 2000 and 2023. Screening and selection of studies were based on eligibility criteria and methodological quality assessment. Narrative synthesis enabled to communicate the phenomena of interest and follows the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist.
Among the 36 identified studies, key principles of what constitutes nurse-led clinics were articulated providing a robust definition. Nurse-led clinics are, in most cases, commensurate with standard care, however, they provide more time with patients leading to greater satisfaction. Enablers highlight nurse-led clinic success is achieved through champions, partners, systems, and clear processes, while barriers encompass key risk points and sustainability considerations.
The review highlights several fundamental elements are central to nurse-led clinic success and are highly recommended when developing interventional nurse-led strategies. Nurse-led clinics within primary health care seek to address health care through community driven, health professional and policy supported strategies. Overall, a robust and contemporary definition of nurse-led care and the clinics in which they operate is provided.
The comprehensive definition, clear mediators of success and the health impact of nurse-led clinics provide a clear framework to effectively build greater capacity among nursing services within primary health care. This, in addition, highlights the need for good health care policy to ensure sustainability.
No Patient or Public Contribution.
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