Conectar
To investigate the differences in myopia prevalence and ocular biometry in children and adolescents in Chongqing and Tibet, China.
Cross-sectional study.
The study included children and adolescents aged 6–18 years in Chongqing, a low-altitude region, and in Qamdo, a high-altitude region of Tibet.
A total of 448 participants in Qamdo, Tibet, and 748 participants in Chongqing were enrolled in this study.
All participants underwent uncorrected visual acuity assessment, non-cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL) measurement, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and corneal tomography. And the participants were grouped according to age (6–8, 9–11, 12–14 and 15–18 years group), and altitude of location (primary school students: group A (average altitude: 325 m), group B (average altitude: 2300 m), group C (average altitude: 3250 and 3170 m) and group D (average altitude: 3870 m)).
There was no statistical difference in mean age (12.09±3.15 vs 12.2±3.10, p=0.549) and sex distribution (males, 50.4% vs 47.6%, p=0.339) between the two groups. The Tibet group presented greater spherical equivalent (SE, –0.63 (–2.00, 0.13) vs –0.88 (–2.88, –0.13), p
Myopia prevalence in Tibet was comparable with that in Chongqing for students aged 6–8 and 9–11 years but was lower and myopia progressed more slowly for students aged 12–14 and 15–18 years than in Chongqing, and AL was the main contributor for this difference, which may be related to higher ultraviolet radiation exposure and lower IOP in children and adolescents at high altitude in Tibet. Differences in AL and AL/CR between Tibet and Chongqing children and adolescents manifested earlier than in SE, underscoring the importance of AL measurement in myopia screening.
by Junhao Sun, Siqi Yang, Yue Zhang, Wenzhi Xiang, Xiubo Jiang
As a new definition for the evidence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunctions, the relationship between phthalates (PAEs) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains virtually unexplored. This study included 3,137 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2007–2018. The diagnosis of MAFLD depended on the US Fatty Liver Index (US FLI) and evidence of metabolic dysregulation. Eleven metabolites of PAEs were included in the study. Poisson regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were used to assess the associations between phthalate metabolites and MAFLD. After adjusting for potential confounders, Poisson regression analysis showed that mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (MECPP), mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate were generally significant positively associated with MAFLD (PThis review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the incidence, characteristics and management of wounds and injuries among professional ice hockey athletes, with the specific focus on the emerging population of Chinese female players. An extensive literature search was conducted across several databases to gather data on injury patterns and wounds, causes, severity and prevention strategies in ice hockey. Special attention was given to studies involving female athletes and unique challenges faced by players in developing regions like China. The review also examined the impact of training modalities, protective equipment and medical interventions on injury rates. The findings reveal a significant seasonal fluctuation in wound incidence, with marked reduction following the preseason period. This trend underscores the effectiveness of adjusted training programmes and essential role of medical teams in injury prevention and rehabilitation. Analysis did not show significant difference in wound rates between technical and physical training sessions, suggesting that injuries are pervasive risk across all training activities. Skating, collisions and inadequate warm-ups were identified as the leading causes of wounds, highlighting areas for targeted preventive measures. The distribution of wounds across various body regions pointed to knee, lower back and wrist as the most vulnerable sites, necessitating focused protection and training adjustments. Ice hockey, particularly among female athletes in China, presents complex injury landscape characterized by the wide range of wounds. The study emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to injury prevention that includes training modifications, enhanced protective gear and strategic medical oversight. By addressing the specific causes and patterns of injuries identified, stakeholders can better protect athletes from the inherent risks of the sport, promote safer play and extend career longevity.
Postoperative wound infections (PWIs) following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for elbow fractures can significantly affect patient outcomes. Identifying associated risk factors is crucial for improving clinical practices and patient care. A retrospective analysis (June 2020–June 2023) at our institution involved 90 patients who underwent elbow ORIF. Thirty patients developed PWIs (case group), compared to 60 who did not (control group). Variables like anaemia, operation duration, hospital stay, blood loss, body mass index (BMI), age, hypoalbuminemia, smoking status, diabetes mellitus and open fractures were examined. Univariate and multivariate analyses determined the impact of these variables on PWI incidence, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. The main pathogens identified were Escherichia coli among Gram-negative bacteria (59.46%) and Staphylococcus aureus among Gram-positive bacteria (40.54%). In the univariate analysis, hypoalbuminemia, anaemia, and lifestyle factors such as smoking showed higher prevalence in patients with PWIs. However, age and length of hospital stay did not significantly influence infection rates. The multivariate analysis further elucidated that anaemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus and open fractures were independent, significant predictors of PWIs. These findings highlight the complexity of factors influencing infection risk post-ORIF, underscoring the importance of both individual health conditions and surgical complications in patient outcomes. Anaemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus and open fractures significantly increase the risk of PWI after elbow ORIF. Early identification and management of these risk factors are imperative to reduce infection rates and improve postoperative recovery.
Clinical practice guideline (CPG) developers conduct systematic summaries of research evidence, providing them great capacity and ability to identify research priorities. We systematically analysed the reporting form and content of research priorities in CPGs related to knee osteoarthritis (KOA) to provide a valuable reference for guideline developers and clinicians.
A methodological literature analysis was done and the characteristics of the reporting form and the content of the research priorities identified in KOA CPGs were summarised.
Six databases (PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Wanfang and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) were searched for CPGs published from 1 January 2017 to 4 December 2022. The official websites of 40 authoritative orthopaedic societies, rheumatology societies and guideline development organisations were additionally searched.
We included all KOA CPGs published in English or Chinese from 1 January 2017 that included at least one recommendation for KOA. We excluded duplicate publications, older versions of CPGs as well as guidance documents for guideline development.
Reviewers worked in pairs and independently screened and extracted the data. Descriptive statistics were used, and absolute frequencies and proportions of related items were calculated.
187 research priorities reported in 41 KOA CPGs were identified. 24 CPGs reported research priorities, of which 17 (41.5%) presented overall research priorities for the entire guideline rather than for specific recommendations. 110 (58.8%) research priorities were put forward due to lack of evidence. Meanwhile, more than 70% of the research priorities reflected the P (population) and I (intervention) structural elements, with 135 (72.2%) and 146 (78.1%), respectively. More than half of the research priorities (118, 63.8%) revolved around evaluating the efficacy of interventions. Research priorities primarily focused on physical activity (32, 17.3%), physical therapy (30, 16.2%), surgical therapy (27, 14.6%) and pharmacological treatment (26, 14.1%).
Research priorities reported in KOA CPGs mainly focused on evaluating non-pharmacological interventions. There exists considerable room for improvement for a comprehensive and standardised generation and reporting of research priorities in KOA CPGs.
This study investigates the effects of comprehensive nursing interventions on wound pain in patients undergoing catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis. Sixty patients who underwent catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis from January 2021 to January 2023 at our hospital were selected as subjects and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group using a random number table method. The control group received routine nursing care, while the experimental group was subjected to comprehensive nursing interventions. The study compared the impact of nursing measures on visual analogue scale (VAS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and nursing satisfaction between the two groups. The analysis revealed that on the third, fifth and seventh days post-intervention, the experimental group's wound VAS scores were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, levels of anxiety and depression were markedly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, the nursing satisfaction rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (96.67% vs. 73.33%, p = 0.011). This study indicates that the application of comprehensive nursing interventions in patients undergoing catheter insertion for peritoneal dialysis is highly effective. It can alleviate wound pain and negative emotions to a certain extent, while also achieving high patient satisfaction, thus demonstrating significant clinical value.
Caesarean section rate is increasing and postoperative wound infection is a major health-threatening complication after caesarean section (CS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Cefazolin at different time for post-caesarean delivery. The aim of this study was to compare the use of Cefazolin at different times on infections after CS. The time of antibiotic use in CS can be divided into two groups: before skin incision (SI) and after cord clamping (CC). In this study, 268 relevant articles were found in the database, and finally, 10 articles were analysed. This study included a total of 5256 cases of caesarean section. The data on wound infections, endometritis, urinary tract infections and fever were analysed. Perform an analysis of the data using RevMan 5.3. The results showed that cefazolin before SI reduced wound infection compared to after CC (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% CI: 0.37–0.69; p < 0.0001). Cefazolin prophylactically used before SI reduce endometritis after CS compared to after CC (OR, 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35–0.77; p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in urinary tract infections after CS between cefazolin prophylactically used before SI and after CC (OR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.50–11.28; p = 0.35). There was no significant difference in fever after CS between the prophylactic use of cefazolin before SI and after CC (OR, 0.60; 95% CI: 0.26–11.43; p = 0.225). Cefazolin before SI reduces wound infection and endometritis after CS.
Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes, often leading to amputation. Understanding the relationship between haematological inflammatory markers and the incidence of amputation in DFU patients with infectious complications is crucial for improving management and outcomes. This retrospective study, conducted from May 2020 to October 2022, involved 109 patients with DFUs, categorised into amputation (AM) and non-amputation (NAM) groups. Patients were evaluated for various factors, including demographic data, DFU duration, and blood parameters such as haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), haemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB), white blood cell count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Statistical analyses were performed using independent sample t-tests, Mann–Whitney U test and logistic regression. The univariate analysis showed no significant difference in BMI, DM duration or DFU duration between groups. However, significant differences were noted in PCT, Hb, ESR, ALB, HbA1c and WBC levels, and in inflammatory ratios (NLR, PLR and LMR). Multivariate logistic regression identified CRP, NLR and PLR as independent risk factors for amputation. The study highlights CRP, PLR and NLR as key independent risk factors for amputation in patients with DFUs. These easily obtainable markers from routine blood tests can effectively aid in predicting the risk of osteomyelitis and amputation, enhancing clinical decision making and patient care strategies.
The prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) following hip fracture surgery poses a substantial challenge, compounding patient morbidity and healthcare costs. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the potential correlation between perioperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) and the subsequent risk of SSIs, aiming to illuminate the impact of UTIs on postoperative outcomes in this vulnerable population. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, utilising the PICO framework to define our search strategy across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Our inclusion criteria encompassed randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and case–control studies that reported on SSIs following hip fracture surgery in patients with UTIs. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and heterogeneity was quantified using the I 2 statistic. A random-effects model was applied due to significant heterogeneity, and a sensitivity analysis assessed the stability of the results. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, demonstrating high methodological quality. The analysis included studies from 2016 to 2021, with sample sizes ranging from 402 to 31 621 participants. A significant association was found between UTIs and SSIs, with an odds ratio of 2.79 (95% CI: 1.72–4.54, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the results, and no publication bias was detected. Perioperative UTIs significantly increase the risk of SSIs in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Proactive treatment of UTIs may be crucial for reducing the incidence of SSIs and improving surgical outcomes in this demographic.
This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Qingre Huoxue Decoction (QHD), a traditional Chinese herbal formulation, in promoting wound healing in an imiquimod-induced murine model of psoriasis. The research was driven by the need for effective wound healing strategies in psoriatic conditions, where conventional treatments often fall short. Employing a combination of in vivo and in vitro methodologies, we assessed the effects of QHD on key factors associated with wound healing. Our results showed that QHD treatment significantly reduced the expression of angiogenic proteins HIF-1α, FLT-1, and VEGF, and mitigated inflammatory responses, as evidenced by the decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of IL-10. Furthermore, QHD enhanced the expression of genes essential for wound repair. In vitro assays with HUVECs corroborated the anti-angiogenic effects of QHD. Conclusively, the study highlights QHD's efficacy in enhancing wound healing in psoriatic conditions by modulating angiogenic and inflammatory pathways, presenting a novel therapeutic avenue in psoriasis wound management.
Hip fracture surgeries are challenging, with postoperative pain management being a critical component of patient care. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness of Pericapsular nerve group block (PENGB) and fascia iliac compartment block (FICB) in postoperative wound pain management for patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and was structured around the PICO framework. Comprehensive searches were conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were limited to RCTs comparing the effectiveness of PENGB and FICB in adult patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Key outcomes included pain control effectiveness, safety, and complication incidence. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using I 2 statistics, and meta-analysis effect values were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effect models, depending on the degree of heterogeneity. The search identified 1095 articles, with 5 studies meeting inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that PENGB and FICB were comparable in managing postoperative pain and opioid consumption. However, PENGB significantly reduced the incidence of quadriceps muscle weakness (RR = 0.12, p < 0.05) and did not increase the risk of PONV (RR = 1.36, p = 0.51), suggesting its advantage in maintaining motor function without adding to PONV complications. No significant publication bias was detected. PENGB is comparable to FICB in pain and opioid consumption management after hip fracture surgeries. Its significant benefit lies in reducing the incidence of quadriceps muscle weakness, facilitating better postoperative mobility. Additionally, PENGB does not increase the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting, underlining its suitability for comprehensive postoperative care in hip fracture patients.
This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the impact of thoracoscopic lobectomy on wound infection and complications in lung cancer patients. An extensive computerized search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases for studies comparing thoracoscopic lobectomy with open thoracotomy in the treatment of lung cancer, covering the period up to September 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the quality according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. Ultimately, 21 studies involving 2118 lung cancer surgery patients were included. The analysis revealed that thoracoscopic lobectomy significantly reduced the incidence of wound infections (odds ratio [OR] = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13–0.37, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.21–0.36, p < 0.001) in lung cancer surgery patients, and also significantly shortened hospital stays (standardized mean difference = −2.07, 95% CI: −2.39 to −1.76, p < 0.001). This study indicates that compared with conventional open thoracotomy, thoracoscopic lobectomy in the treatment of lung cancer reduces the incidence of wound infections and complications and shortens hospital stays, demonstrating significant therapeutic efficacy and warranting broader clinical application.
This is a study assessing the effectiveness of staples versus sutures for closing incisions after total hip arthroplasty (THA). We searched all relevant literature up to July 2023, and after reading through the full text, we finally included 5 for analysis, with a total of 1084 cases who underwent total hip arthroplasty, of which 548 were closed with staples and 536 with sutures, and evaluated the risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, using the ratio of ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare the effectiveness of staples and sutures in wound closure in total hip arthroplasty. The study found that the suture group was superior to the staple group in terms of superficial infection and incisional exudate; superficial infection (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.14–8.07; p = 0.03, I 2 = 0%), incisional exudate (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.84–5.65; p < 0.001, I 2 = 0%) and suture staples were superior to suture group in terms of closure time (WMD = −231.8 95% CI: −429.55 to −34.05; p = 0.02, I 2 = 100%). There was no remarkable distinction between the two groups in terms of deep infection, postoperative hospital, HWES score and patient's satisfaction, deep infection (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.35–4.35; p = 0.74, I 2 = 0%), postoperative hospital (WMD = 2.50 95% CI: −2.25 to 7.25; p = 0.30, I 2 = 100%), HWES score (WMD = −0.38 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.24; p < 0.01, I 2 = 72%) and patient's satisfaction (WMD = −0.23 95% CI: −1.43 to 0.96; p = 0.70, I 2 = 94%); however, due to the small sample sizes of several studies included in this study, caution must be exercised when addressing their value.
This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the impact of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on surgical-site wound infection after vascular surgery. A comprehensive computerized search was conducted, from database inception to November 2023, in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of NPWT in vascular surgery. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and conducted quality assessments based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 11 RCTs involving 1597 vascular surgery patients were included. The analysis revealed that the application of NPWT in vascular surgery significantly reduced the incidence of wound infections (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.32–0.58, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.27–0.58, p < 0.001). Additionally, NPWT was found to decrease the occurrence of both superficial wound infections (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.36–1.12, p = 0.12) and deep wound infections (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.19–1.16, p = 0.10), although these differences were not statistically significant. This study indicates that NPWT, compared with conventional treatment methods, has significant advantages in preventing postoperative wound infections and complications in vascular surgery patients and is therefore worthy of widespread clinical adoption.
This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the impact of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept on surgical site wound infections and postoperative complications in gastric cancer patients. A comprehensive computerized search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), from database inception to November 2023, exploring the application of the ERAS concept in the perioperative period of gastric cancer surgery. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and conducted quality assessments based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. A total of 24 RCTs involving 2050 gastric cancer patients were included. The analysis revealed a significantly lower incidence of wound infections (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.14–0.40, p < 0.001) and postoperative complications (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.15–0.27, p < 0.001) in the ERAS group compared to the standard care group. This study demonstrates that the application of the ERAS concept during the perioperative period in gastric cancer surgery can effectively reduce the occurrence of wound infections and complications, thereby facilitating postoperative recovery.
Whether prophylactic abdominal drainage tube is routinely placed in patients after hepatobiliary surgery remains controversial. To evaluate the effect of prophylactic abdominal drainage tube placement after hepatobiliary surgery on postoperative infection. Randomized controlled trials on the placement of prophylactic abdominal drainage tube after hepatobiliary surgery were collected through a computerized search of PubMed, Embase, Conchrane Library and Web of Science databases, with a time range from the establishment of the database to August 2023. After two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted information, and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Finally, 13 studies were included, including 3620 patients, and the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in postoperative infection rate between the drainage group (1840 patients and the non-drainage group [1783 patients] [relative risk, RR = 1.17, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.94–1.47, p = 0.16]. Compared with the drainage group, the incidence of infectious abdominal fluid in the non-drainage group was lower (RR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.57–2.80, p < 0.00001), and the incidence of postoperative bile leakage was lower (RR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.27–2.47, p < 0.001) and shorter hospital stays after surgery (mean difference = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.32–2.22, p = 0.009). In conclusion, placing a prophylactic abdominal drainage tube after hepatobiliary surgery does not reduce postoperative infection rates compared with no drainage.
This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the impact of continuous nursing care interventions on wound infections and ulcerations in patients with diabetic foot. A comprehensive computerized search was conducted, from database inception to November 2023, in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the application of continuous nursing care in diabetic foot. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and conducted quality assessments based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 software. A total of 23 RCTs involving 1813 diabetic foot patients were included. The analysis revealed that, compared to standard care, the implementation of continuous nursing care significantly reduced the incidence of wound infections (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.15–0.32, p < 0.001) and complications (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.14–0.25, p < 0.001), as well as the occurrence of foot ulcers (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.12–0.35, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that the application of continuous nursing care in diabetic foot patients can effectively reduce the occurrence of wound infections, foot ulcers, and complications, thereby facilitating patient recovery.
by Jiuhua Zheng, Yuqing Geng, Juan Gao, Qinjun Xiang
Based on the job demands-resources model, this study explored the relationships among emotional labor strategies, job demands of teaching, job resources, and teaching efficacy for university teachers. The results, based on a sample of 316 university teachers from China, showed that the teachers preferred to convey authenticity by expressing deep acting and naturally felt emotion. Furthermore, deep acting and naturally felt emotions were found to have a significant positive effect on teaching efficacy, whereas surface acting did not have any significant relationship with teaching efficacy. As organizational variables, job demands significantly positively affected surface acting, deep acting, and naturally felt emotion. In contrast, job resources positively affected surface and deep acting, but no significant relationship with naturally felt emotions was found. These results highlight that university teachers from China could benefit from adopting authentic emotional labor strategies, specifically deep acting and naturally felt emotions, as the most effective strategies in teaching. Based on the above findings, this paper concludes with recommendations for university administrators to alleviate the emotional labor of college faculty. For example, universities should pay more attention to teachers’ emotional state, provide resources to support them, and give more space and support to college teachers in teaching.by Fengping Zhang, Ting Xiang, Xiaoran Feng, Guilin Zhang, Yu Liu, Luohua Li
AimsPleural effusion is not an infrequent complication in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. However, there is not adequate data to evaluate pleural effusion and prognosis in clinical practice. In this study, we validated this potential association by a multicenter cohort.
MethodsWe screened 1,162 patients who met the inclusion criteria with PD. According to the existence of pleural effusion on stable dialysis (4–8 weeks after dialysis initiation), the participants were divided into pleural effusion and non-pleural effusion groups. The hazard ratios (HRs) of all-cause and cause-specific death were estimated with adjustment for demographic characteristics and multiple potential clinical confounders. Subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to further verify the robustness of the correlation between hydrothorax and prognosis.
ResultsPleural effusion was found in 8.9% (104/1162) of PD individuals. After adjusting for the confounding factors, patients with pleural effusion had significantly increased HRs for all-cause death was 3.06 (2.36–3.96) and cardiovascular death was 3.78 (2.67–5.35) compared to those without pleural effusion. However, it was not associated with infectious and other causes of death. After PSM, the HR of all-cause mortality was 3.56 (2.28–5.56). The association trends were consistent in the subgroup sensitivity analysis.
ConclusionPleural effusion is not rare in PD, and is significantly associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality, which is independent of underlying diseases and clinically relevant indicators.
by Zhixiang Lv, Zhou Wang, Shaobo Wu, Xiang Yu
With the emergence of penicillin resistance, the development of novel antibiotics has become an urgent necessity. Semi-synthetic penicillin has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional penicillin. The demand for the crucial intermediate, 6-aminopicillanic acid (6-APA), is on the rise. Enzyme catalysis is the primary method employed for its production. However, due to certain limitations, the strategy of enzyme immobilization has also gained prominence. The magnetic Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a rapid-combustion method. Sodium silicate was used to modify the surface of the Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4 nanoparticles to obtain silica-coated nanoparticles (Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4-SiO2). Subsequently, in order to better crosslink PGA, the nanoparticles were modified again with glutaraldehyde to obtain glutaraldehyde crosslinked Ni0.4Cu0.5Zn0.1Fe2O4-SiO2-GA nanoparticles which could immobilize the PGA. The structure of the PGA protein was analyzed by the PyMol program and the immobilization strategy was determined. The conditions of PGA immobilization were investigated, including immobilization time and PGA concentration. Finally, the enzymological properties of the immobilized and free PGA were compared. The optimum catalytic pH of immobilized and free PGA was 8.0, and the optimum catalytic temperature of immobilized PGA was 50°C, 5°C higher than that of free PGA. Immobilized PGA in a certain pH and temperature range showed better catalytic stability. Vmax and Km of immobilized PGA were 0.3727 μmol·min-1 and 0.0436 mol·L-1, and the corresponding free PGA were 0.7325 μmol·min-1 and 0.0227 mol·L-1. After five cycles, the immobilized enzyme activity was still higher than 25%.
FreshRSS 