International migrants comprise 3.6% of the global population and face systemic barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, such as contraception, safe abortion care and sexual function support. In high-income countries, policy frameworks vary widely, with migration status significantly influencing entitlement and access to host countries. This protocol outlines a planned study to systematically analyse SRH policies in high-income countries with strong migrant integration frameworks, aiming to identify policy gaps, assess inclusivity and inform recommendations to strengthen Australia’s SRH policy landscape.

This study employs a systematic policy analysis using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. Countries with ≥10% migrant populations and a Migrant Integration Policy Index health score ≥70 will be included. 13 countries meet these criteria, including Australia, Canada and Sweden. A comprehensive search of academic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and ProQuest Public Health) and grey literature from governmental and non-governmental sources will be conducted. Data extraction will follow Bacchi’s ‘What’s the Problem Represented to Be?’ approach. Thematic analysis will combine deductive and inductive methods to examine the extent to which SRH policies address migrant and refugee needs, including sexual function, safe abortion care and fertility care. A comparative policy matrix will identify strengths, limitations and best practices.

As this study analyses publicly available policy documents, ethics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and policy briefs targeting stakeholders involved in SRH policy and migrant health.

This protocol is registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AYZ6P

Sleep, a fundamental element of health, accounts for about one-third of our lives, and is as crucial as nutrition and exercise. Among university students, medical students are one subset that seems particularly susceptible to sleep problems, perhaps due to the length and complexity of their studies and being under a high level of stress. Yoga Nidra has been studied as a therapeutic intervention for various medical conditions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of short-duration Yoga Nidra for improving sleep quality in students at a tertiary healthcare centre in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand.

A two-group parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted among undergraduate medical students with a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score >5. Efficacy of short-duration Yoga Nidra in comparison to sleep education will be evaluated for PSQI scores, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, pulse rate, body mass index, blood pressure, random blood sugar, lipid profile, interleukin 6, salivary cortisol, generalised anxiety disorder and depressive disorder. The intervention will be pre-recorded with the duration of 12 min. The intervention group participants will receive three sessions per week for 4 weeks. The sample size is 160 students. All analyses will follow the intention-to-treat approach using SPSS V.26. Descriptive statistics, test of associations, parametric and/or non-parametric methods (as appropriate) will be used to assess within and between group changes.

The Institutional Ethics Committee (All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh) has approved the study (#AIIMS/ie,C/22/231) and the trial has been prospectively registered in Clinical Trials Registry-India: CTRI/2022/07/044426. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

CTRI/2022/07/044426.

Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of multiple medications, is a growing concern among the elderly, especially in low-income and middle-income countries such as Iran. This study aims to explore the prevalence and patterns of polypharmacy among the elderly in Iran, using health insurance claims data to identify common drug classes and coprescribed medications, with a focus on informing policy decisions and improving medication management.

Retrospective population-based observational study.

Nationwide data from the Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO) across 24 provinces.

1 876 527 individuals aged 65 years and older, insured by the IHIO from 2014 to 2017. Individuals with incomplete demographic information or lacking medication records in the database were excluded from the analysis.

Prevalence and patterns of polypharmacy, demographic factors associated with polypharmacy, and common drug classes used. Medications were classified using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical system. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications, with cumulative polypharmacy considering total drug use over time, and consecutive polypharmacy focusing on the frequency of monthly drug use. Logistic regression and association rule mining were applied to explore demographic factors and medication patterns associated with polypharmacy.

Of the study population, 74.9% experienced cumulative polypharmacy over 6 months and 64.6% over 1 month, with 7.6% experiencing consecutive polypharmacy. Females and those aged 75–79 were more prone to polypharmacy. Systemic glucocorticoids were the most commonly used medications (50.02%), followed by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (42.73%) and platelet aggregation inhibitors (41.92%). Polypharmacy was most strongly associated with medications related to the alimentary tract and metabolism, cardiovascular system, nervous system and blood and blood-forming organs.

Polypharmacy is highly prevalent among the elderly in Iran, with significant variations by gender, age, insurance fund and region. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to manage polypharmacy and improve medication safety in this population.