Adults living with multiple long-term conditions (MLTC)—defined as the presence of two or more physical or mental health conditions—often face fragmented and complex care. Digital tools offer scalable self-management solutions but may exacerbate inequities due to the digital divide and other factors. The aim of this scoping review is to map and summarise the existing literature on digital self-management tools used in MLTC, with a particular focus on how equity of access is considered in their development, implementation and evaluation.

Scoping review methodology will be based on the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews and Arskey and O’Malley’s framework and will be reported in alignment with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Comprehensive search terms based on ‘multimorbidity’, ‘digital tools’ and ‘self-management’ have been developed. Peer-reviewed publications will be identified using MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, Scopus, CINAHL and PubMed. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, with subsequent full text review also being performed in duplicate to ensure they meet the eligibility criteria. Discrepancies will be resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. Included studies will focus on digital tools for the self-management of MLTC in adults (≥18 years old) in any setting. Equity dimensions will include, but are not limited to, digital literacy, treatment burden, socioeconomic status, polypharmacy and access disparities.

Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review. The results of the scoping review will be published in an open access, peer-reviewed journal for wider dissemination. Additionally, findings will contribute to topic guides and mapping of a research networking event with key stakeholders (including patient and public involvement and engagement members, clinicians, researchers and industry) in MLTC, around the same subject area.

Non-specific symptoms of testosterone deficiency (TD) and lack of awareness impact diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This study aimed to characterise the awareness of key symptoms of TD in community-dwelling men and contextualise this against the reported prevalence of these symptoms.

Cross-sectional survey comprising 54 questions (including assessment of symptoms as per the qADAM questionnaire and where relevant, men’s experiences while on TD treatment). The survey was distributed through online media channels, Prolific and academic networks.

Community-dwelling men in the UK.

Associations between age, participant demographics and a ‘positive’ qADAM score were assessed using logistic regression. A positive qADAM score was defined as self-rated ‘poor’ or ‘terrible’ libido or erection strength or rating 3 of the other questionnaire domains as ‘poor’ or ‘terrible’.

Of 973 men, 49% indicated high likelihood of TD using qADAM scores—5% were formally diagnosed. Men over 50 years of age had 1.54–2.0 times higher odds of TD compared with men aged

Almost half of the responders exhibited a burden of TD-associated symptoms, but under 5% had a formal diagnosis. These findings suggest significant gaps between symptom awareness and access to treatment options.