Conectar
Comparado con no hacer actividad física, cualquier tipo de actividad física podría ayudar a los niños con obesidad a reducir ligeramente su IMC (el "índice de masa corporal", se utiliza para comprobar si alguien tiene un peso saludable) y podría producir un número considerablemente mayor de episodios no deseados leves, pero tenemos muy poca seguridad en estos resultados.
No sabemos si la actividad física tiene algún efecto sobre el peso, el porcentaje de grasa corporal, el bienestar y los niveles de glucosa en sangre de los niños con obesidad en comparación con no hacer actividad física u otro tipo o cantidad de actividad física. Tampoco sabemos si la actividad física tiene algún efecto sobre el número de efectos perjudiciales graves.
Necesitamos estudios más grandes, más prolongados y de mejor calidad para tener más certeza acerca de los efectos de la actividad física en los niños con obesidad.
La obesidad es cuando una persona tiene demasiada grasa corporal. En todo el mundo, la obesidad en la infancia (de 0 a 9 años) ha aumentado considerablemente desde 1975. En 2050, más de 300 millones de niños y adolescentes (de 10 a 19 años de edad) podrían tener obesidad.
Los niños con obesidad tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar problemas de salud como enfermedades cardíacas, ictus, diabetes tipo 2, algunos cánceres, enfermedad hepática, asma, problemas articulares y musculares e infecciones a lo largo de su vida. La obesidad infantil también está relacionada con tasas más altas de ansiedad y depresión.
La pérdida de peso es la mejor manera de reducir los riesgos para la salud causados por la obesidad. En la infancia, esto suele hacerse cambiando el estilo de vida, como hacer más actividad física (p. ej., juegos de correr o videojuegos interactivos que estimulan el movimiento [a veces llamados "videojuegos activos") y comer alimentos más saludables.
Queríamos averiguar si, en comparación con ninguna actividad física, la actividad física ayuda a niños y niñas con obesidad a:
reducir su IMC (el "índice de masa corporal" indica si alguien tiene un peso saludable; el peso se divide entre la estatura al cuadrado, y se expresa como kg/m 2 ) o la puntuación z del IMC (cómo se compara el IMC de alguien con los IMC de otros de la misma edad y sexo);
perder peso;
mejorar su bienestar;
reducir el porcentaje de grasa corporal o mejorar la distribución de la grasa corporal; y
disminuir su concentración de glucosa en sangre.
También queríamos saber si un tipo o cantidad de actividad física era mejor que otro tipo o cantidad para producir estos beneficios, y si los programas de actividad física provocaban algún efecto no deseado.
Buscamos estudios que compararan la participación en una actividad física con:
ninguna actividad física;
otro tipo o cantidad de actividad física.
Los niños debían participar en las actividades físicas durante al menos 12 semanas. Comparamos y resumimos los resultados de estos estudios, y calificamos nuestra confianza en la evidencia según factores como la metodología y el número de participantes.
Encontramos 4 estudios que incluyeron a 517 niños. Los estudios fueron pequeños: el más pequeño incluyó a solo 59 niños y el más grande a 222. Algo menos de la mitad de los participantes eran niñas (46%). La media de edad fue de 9 años.
En 3 estudios, los participantes hicieron las actividades físicas durante 12 o 13 semanas; el programa de actividad física del cuarto estudio duró 32 semanas. Los estudios se llevaron a cabo en 3 países: 1 estudio en Brasil, otro en Irán y 2 en Estados Unidos. En los estudios estadounidenses, el 73% de los participantes eran negros. Los otros estudios no describieron los grupos étnicos de los niños.
Los 4 estudios compararon la actividad física con ninguna actividad física.
Un estudio también comparó un tipo de actividad física (videojuegos activos) con otro tipo (ejercicios en piscina).
Un estudio también comparó hacer las mismas actividades físicas durante 20 minutos con hacerlas durante 40 minutos.
En comparación con ninguna actividad física, los niños con obesidad que participaron en cualquier programa de actividad física podrían haber:
reducido ligeramente su IMC: el IMC de los niños de los grupos activos fue, de media, 1,52 kg/m 2 menor (2 estudios, 118 niños);
presentado más efectos perjudiciales leves: los niños de los grupos activos podrían haber tenido una probabilidad cerca de 3,5 veces mayor de presentar efectos perjudiciales leves (1 estudio, 222 niños).
No obstante, tenemos muchas dudas con respecto a estos resultados.
No sabemos si la actividad física logra algún cambio en los siguientes parámetros:
puntuación z del IMC;
peso;
bienestar;
porcentaje de grasa corporal o cómo se distribuye la grasa en el cuerpo;
concentración de glucosa en sangre;
riesgo de sufrir episodios perjudiciales graves.
Tenemos mucha incertidumbre acerca del efecto de un tipo o cantidad de actividad física en comparación con otro tipo o cantidad sobre cualquiera de los desenlaces que nos interesaban.
En general, tenemos una confianza limitada en la evidencia porque:
hubo pocos estudios y fueron pequeños;
los tipos de actividades físicas variaron;
la información proporcionada por los estudios sobre su metodología y resultados fue deficiente;
3 de 4 estudios no proporcionaron todos sus resultados.
La evidencia está actualizada hasta diciembre de 2025.
Advanced simulation is a methodology that allows the development of technical skills and transversal skills such as teamwork and leadership. There are tools to measure the development of technical competencies and student satisfaction with the methodology, but not to measure the development and use of transversal competencies in the clinical practice setting.
To develop and validate a scale to measure the impact of clinical simulation on the development and application of teamwork and leadership competencies.
A multicentre study was carried out in two Spanish universities in which the Clinical Simulation Learning Teamwork and Leadership Scale was developed and validated.
The study was carried out in several phases: development of the questionnaire using a Delphi method, pilot test and validation of the construct with a sample of 207 nursing students. Reporting of this research adheres to STROBE guidelines.
Content validity was checked according to Aiken's V for the three attributes of the questionnaire. Reliability or internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's α and the sensitivity analysis showed no significant variation when any item was eliminated. On the other hand, McDonald's Omega statistic was used. Intraobserver reliability was taken from a sample of 47 students, in which it was observed that the intraclass correlation was positive.
The Clinical Simulation Learning teamwork and leadership scale is a valid instrument for measuring the development of transversal competencies.
This scale will provide information to evaluate the weight of the clinical simulation in the students' knowledge.
It is a tool for evaluating transversal skills that is proven valid and will improve the training of students.
The instructions of the STROBE checklist have been followed.
The students have participated in the knowledge transfer self-assessment.
Middle Nurse Managers (MNMs) play a pivotal role in translating organizational strategy into operational practice, ensuring care quality, and fostering team performance. Despite their importance, limited research has examined the factors influencing MNMs' competencies, particularly the interplay between individual and organizational determinants.
To examine the direct and moderating effects of self-efficacy and other organizational and individual factors on MNMs' competence knowledge and competence application across Italy.
A cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted between September 2022 and December 2023 with the participation of 382 MNMs from public and private healthcare organizations. Data were collected using validated instruments, including the Chase Nurse Manager Competencies Scale, the Questionnaire on Experience and Work Evaluation (QEEW 2.0), and the Leadership Self-Efficacy Scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested direct effects of educational appropriateness, leadership training intentions, autonomy, role clarity, and work complexity, and the moderating role of self-efficacy.
Educational appropriateness, autonomy, and role clarity were significantly associated with competence knowledge, while educational appropriateness and autonomy were associated with competence application. Self-efficacy was directly associated with both competence outcomes and significantly moderated the relationship between educational appropriateness and autonomy with each competence dimension, with positive associations observed among individuals with higher self-efficacy (β = −0.456 for knowledge; β = −0.459 for application, p < 0.001).
Self-efficacy was associated with competence outcomes and moderated the associations between organizational factors and competence. High self-efficacy may reduce reliance on perceived educational appropriateness, whereas lower self-efficacy increases its importance.
by Roger Montenegro Mendoza, Flavia Fontes, José Renán De León, Beatriz Gómez, Abdiel Bonilla, Fanny Franco, Bernardo González, Reina Roa, Hedley Quintana, Ilais Moreno Velásquez
BackgroundThe co-occurrence of different forms of malnutrition has implications for human capital development, as the physiological effects of both anaemia and obesity have been associated with national economic and productivity indicators. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition including its component conditions, and to identify sociodemographic factors and inflammatory factors associated with the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anaemia among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in Panama.
MethodsUsing data derived from the 2019 National Health Survey of Panama, we estimated the prevalence of overweight/obesity without anaemia, anaemia without overweight/obesity and the double burden of malnutrition, defined as the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anaemia, among non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between sociodemographic factors and the double burden of malnutrition.
ResultsThe weighted prevalence of double burden of malnutrition was 18.6% (95% CI: 15.9%−21.7%). In multivariate adjusted models, compared with women with neither OW/OB nor anaemia, lower vs. higher education (OR= 2.84; 95% CI: 1.24–6.53), ever-having given birth vs. never (OR= 3.01; 95% CI: 1.11–8.15), higher vs. lower inflammation (OR= 9.39; 95% CI: 4.85–18.19) and age 40–49 vs. younger age (OR= 5.99; 95% CI: 1.80–19.95) were associated with double burden of malnutrition. Low education and inflammation were associated with anaemia without overweight/obesity, while older age, indigenous areas, low education, and inflammation were associated with overweight/obesity.
ConclusionDouble burden of malnutrition affected almost one in five women of reproductive age in Panama. While living in indigenous area was associated with overweight/obesity without anaemia, low education and inflammation emerged as potential shared factors for the individual and combined forms of the double burden of malnutrition.
by Victoria Ballén, Enmanuel Cornielle, Anna Pinar-Méndez, Carles Vilaró, Belén Galofré, Sara Martí, Aida González-Diaz, Sergi Sanz, Aniol Vilamala, Sara M. Soto
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health threat, and environmental reservoirs such as wastewater (WWTPs) and drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) may facilitate its persistence and spread despite reducing bacterial loads. We investigated 152 antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains collected across treatment stages from two WWTPs and one DWTP in Barcelona, Spain. Strains were characterized through antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, multilocus sequence typing, biofilm assays, and screening of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factors (VFGs), biocide and heavy-metal tolerance genes (HMTGs). Although E. coli bacterial loads decreased along treatment, AMR remained highly prevalent: 85.5% of strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 5.3% extensively drug-resistant, and 11.2% carbapenemase-producers. Strains harboring integrase genes were 2.4 to 11.8 times more likely to harbor ARGs for sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, phenicol, trimethoprim, mercury and quaternary-ammonium compounds. Strains carrying blaCTX-M genes were 3.0 to 20.3 times more likely to carry VFGs, while high-risk clones were 3.2 to 7.0 times more associated with VFGs. Some MDR and high-risk E. coli clones persisted in reclaimed water, and one MDR strain was detected at the DWTP inlet. These findings highlight environmental AMR reservoirs as a public health concern and support a One Health approach integrating antibiotic stewardship and environmental monitoring.
by Rafael A. Ramírez-Trujillo, Paula Carvajal-Hernández, Ángel González
BackgroundCandida spp. infections are an increasing challenge in high-complexity hospitals, yet epidemiological data remain scarce in underrepresented in Colombian regions such as Tolima.
MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study in a high-complexity hospital in Ibagué (Tolima, Colombia) from 2014 to 2024, integrating two institutional data sources: administrative/clinical records and the microbiology laboratory database (WHONET). Species identification relied on culture and VITEK, and antifungal susceptibility was interpreted using criteria from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). We summarized data using frequencies/proportions and medians (IQR), explored patterns with multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), and estimated associations with candidemia using penalized multivariable logistic regression due to low event frequency.
ResultsWe identified 987 candidiasis episodes and 776 fungal isolates, of which 314 were Candida (40.46%). Mucocutaneous disease predominated (vulvovaginal 50.7%; oropharyngeal 24.3%), while candidemia represented 2.0% of episodes. Among isolates, Candida albicans was most frequent (58.9%), followed by C. parapsilosis (16.6%), C. tropicalis (12.1%), and Nakaseomyces glabratus (6.4%); Candida auris was detected once. In exploratory clinical/administrative models, clinically recorded candidemia showed associations with invasive devices (OR 5.54, 95% CI 2.01–15.64), recent surgery (OR 7.11, 95% CI 1.20–30.88) and tumor (OR 19.88, 95% CI 3.14–97.51). Susceptibility data were available for 196/314 isolates (62.4%); echinocandin activity was high, whereas azole susceptibility was more variable.
ConclusionsCandidiasis showed a sustained recorded burden and substantial non-albicans diversity, supporting local surveillance, species-level identification, and isolate-level susceptibility testing.
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major contributor to global disease burden with societal impact among survivors. This study aimed to estimate the population-level prevalence of MI among working-age adults in Spain and to examine associated sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical and occupational factors focusing on sex differences.
Two-phase population-based study using data from the 2020 Spanish European Health Interview Survey, including adults of working age. First, weighted estimates were used to calculate the population-level prevalence and describe sociodemographic characteristics. Second, a matched cross-sectional analysis was performed to examine associations between MI and sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical and occupation-related factors using logistic regression models, including sex-stratified analyses.
Population-based study in Spain.
A total of 400 participants from the Spanish European Health Interview Survey were included, of whom 80 reported MI.
Primary outcomes were the prevalence of self-reported MI and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours, comorbidities and working conditions; secondary outcomes included healthcare utilisation and employment-related absences.
80 participants reported having a history of MI, corresponding to an estimated 137 646 working-age adults in Spain and a prevalence of 5.45 per 1000 population (95% CI 5.44 to 5.48), predominantly affecting men (74.2%) with a mean age of 52.7 years. MI prevalence was higher among individuals with lower educational attainment (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.25 to 1); however, no employment-related factors remained associated with MI after adjustment. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that depression (OR 6.75; CI 2.23 to 20.4), obesity (OR 6.36; 95% CI 1.62 to 24.9) and COPD (OR 27.7; 95% CI 4.21 to 749) were more strongly associated with MI among women, while anxiety (OR 8.65; 95% CI 3.09 to 26.8) and hypertension (OR 4.11; 95% CI 2.24 to 7.62) among men.
MI among working-age adults in Spain is uncommon but concentrated among men with lower levels of education. The absence of independent associations with employment conditions and the presence of sex-specific comorbidity patterns highlight the need for gender-sensitive cardiovascular prevention strategies.
La Universidad de Alicante acoge las IX Jornadas Internacionales de Cultura de los Cuidados bajo el lema “Ecos del Cuidado”
Este artículo analiza Poesía completa (Ediciones Irreverentes, 2024/2025) de Francisco Javier Illán Vivas como un proyecto lírico unitario centrado en la experiencia de la temporalidad, la memoria y la duda. A partir de un enfoque fenomenológico y hermenéutico, se examina el papel del paisaje como correlato ontológico y la configuración de la duda en el poema “Témporas” como experiencia límite. Se concluye que la poética del autor articula una estética de la contención vinculada a una ética del conocimiento.
Objetivo: analizar desde una perspectiva histórica y sociocrítica, el origen, la evolución y los procesos de configuración de organizaciones de la sociedad civil conformadas por personas con experiencia de diagnóstico psiquiátrico en Colombia y Brasil.
Metodología enfoque cualitativo, que combinó etnografía digital con entrevistas y reuniones virtuales, a partir del análisis de siete organizaciones sociales (cinco en Colombia y dos en Brasil). La información fue recolectada a partir de contenidos disponibles en plataformas digitales, incluyendo páginas web y redes sociales, y complementada con registros narrativos derivados de encuentros virtuales con integrantes de dichas organizaciones. El análisis se orientó mediante los paradigmas del cuidado en salud mental propuestos por José Siles González (técnico-biologicista, interpretativo y sociocrítico), utilizados como categorías para la interpretación de las prácticas, discursos y formas organizativas.
Resultados Los resultados evidencian la coexistencia de distintos paradigmas de cuidado, con predominio de enfoques interpretativos en las organizaciones colombianas y una mayor consolidación del paradigma sociocrítico en las brasileñas, en estrecha relación con procesos históricos como la reforma psiquiátrica y los movimientos antipsiquiátricos. Se identifican, además, tensiones entre modelos biomédicos y enfoques comunitarios, así como diferencias en la dimensión política y en los niveles de articulación social de las organizaciones en ambos países.
Conclusiones Se concluye que estas organizaciones constituyen actores clave en la reconfiguración del campo de la salud mental, al articular prácticas de apoyo mutuo, producción de saberes experienciales y formas de acción política, cuya consolidación depende de los contextos históricos y sociopolíticos en los que emergen.
Homenaje a Manuel Jesús García Martínez, enfermero, historiador y académico que falleció un 27 de febrero. Fue un referente en la historia de la enfermería española. Junto a su hermano Antonio Claret, fundó la revista "Híades" en 1993 y coordinó importantes líneas de investigación. Su legado combina incansable voluntad por el estudio, rigor académico, bondad humana y un profundo y delicado sentido del humor.
Esta editorial reflexiona sobre la incidencia de las sociedades totalitarias y del wokismo en la configuración de los cuidados de enfermería. Sostiene que no existe una “enfermería totalitaria” legítima, ya que la enfermería se fundamenta en el cuidado, la dignidad humana y la justicia, y por tanto es incompatible con cualquier forma de totalitarismo o con ideologías que subordinan la persona a un marco doctrinal rígido. El texto repasa ejemplos históricos de instrumentalización de enfermeras bajo regímenes fascistas y comunistas, y advierte que ciertas dinámicas contemporáneas vinculadas al wokismo, como la presión ideológica, la censura simbólica o la sustitución del juicio clínico por dogmas identitarios, pueden erosionar la autonomía moral y el pensamiento crítico en la profesión. A partir de la banalidad del mal de Hannah Arendt, la editorial subraya la necesidad de memoria histórica, formación ética y resistencia frente a toda obediencia acrítica y toda forma de deshumanización del cuidado.
In patients with a hip fracture, anaemia has been associated with increased transfusion requirements, poor functional outcomes, prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality. While anaemia in elderly patients with hip fractures has traditionally been attributed to bleeding during or after surgery, many of these patients are anaemic on hospital admission. Thus, detecting and managing anaemia in the perioperative, postoperative and, most significantly, the preoperative period is important to avoid the need for blood transfusions and to improve patient outcomes. The protocol for this clinical trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of both combined intravenous and topical tranexamic acid (TXA) therapy, or topical administration alone, assessing its effect on blood loss and the need for blood transfusions in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
This is a multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. Patients of both sexes, aged ≥65 years, who are admitted to the emergency department and will undergo hip fracture surgery are eligible for enrolment. Eligible patients who provide their consent will be stratified according to the type of fracture (intracapsular and extracapsular) and whether or not they are suitable for intravenous TXA therapy, and they will then be randomly allocated to receive either TXA or a placebo. The primary outcome is the blood transfusion rate from patient admission to the emergency department until discharge, while the secondary outcomes include: the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative haemoglobin and haematocrit levels; the preoperative and postoperative occult and total blood loss; the mean length of hospital stay; and any adverse events assessed for up to 1 year after patient discharge.
The study was approved by the Basque Country Ethics Committee (Ref.: 2021012) and the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Healthcare Products (Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios). All participants will provide their written informed consent prior to study inclusion. The trial’s results, regardless of its outcomes, will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals, and they will be made publicly available through the European Union Clinical Trials Register after the end of the clinical trial.
EudraCT Number 2020-002144-23; EUCT Number 2024-519349-31-00.
This study aimed to determine the associations between adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines and symptoms of anxiety and depression among Colombian university students.
Cross-sectional study.
1125 individuals (mean age 20.2±2.5 years; 56.7% female).
Students sampled from a single public university.
Participants completed validated self-report instruments: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form to assess physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep duration. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, with a score of ≥11 used to classify elevated symptoms. Binary logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines (meeting all three, two, one or none) and mental health outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders.
Only 15.5% of students met all three components of the 24-hour movement guidelines. Meeting a greater number of components was significantly associated with lower odds of depressive and anxiety symptoms. In fully adjusted analyses, students who met all three guidelines were less likely to report anxiety symptoms (OR=0.26; 95%CI 0.13 to 0.54) and depressive symptoms (OR=0.42; 95%CI 0.22 to 0.79) compared with those who met none. Among individual behaviours, sufficient PA and adequate sleep were independently associated with lower odds of both outcomes, whereas high SB was associated with higher odds of elevated symptoms.
In this cross-sectional study, adherence to a greater number of 24-hour movement guideline components was associated with lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms in a graded manner. However, the cross-sectional design precludes inference regarding directionality or causality, and bidirectional associations or residual confounding remain possible. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to determine whether integrated daily movement behaviours influence mental health outcomes in young adults, particularly in Latin American populations.
Objetivo: Analizar y clarificar el concepto de conocimientos de automanejo en personas con enfermedades crónicas, identificando sus atributos definitorios, antecedentes y consecuencias, a fin de construir una definición conceptual y operacional aplicable a la práctica e investigación en enfermería. Metodología: Se utilizó la metodología de análisis de concepto en sus ocho pasos, se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica, teoría e institucional publicada entre 2015 y 2025 en bases de datos confiables. La información obtenida fue organizada, depurada y analizada mediante el software Rayyan®. Los resultados se presentan con base a los ocho pasos. Resultados: el análisis permitió identificar tres dimensiones que definen el concepto: 1) cognitivo: que es la comprensión y dominio de la información en salud; 2) procedimental: que es la aplicación práctica del conocimiento y 3) reflexiva-contextual: que es la integración del conocimiento con experiencias y toma de decisiones. Los antecedentes se relacionan con el diagnóstico de enfermedades crónica, la alfabetización en salud y el apoyo del sistema de salud. Las consecuencias se asocian con una mayor adherencia al tratamiento, control clínico, autoeficacia y calidad de vida. Conclusiones: el conocimiento de automanejo en personas con enfermedades crónicas se define como un proceso cognitivo, procedimental y reflexivo, a través del cual la persona adquiere, comprende y aplica información relevante sobre su enfermedad para la toma de decisiones informadas y sostenibles. Su clarificación conceptual aporta una base sólida para el desarrollo de intervenciones en salud e instrumentos de medición.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze and clarify the concept of self-management knowledge in people with chronic diseases, identifying its defining attributes, background, and consequences, to construct a conceptual and operational definition applicable to nursing practice and research. Methodology: The eight-step concept analysis methodology was used, and exhaustive review of the scientific, theoretical, and institutional literature published between 2015 and 2025 in reliable databases was conducted. The information obtained was organized, refined, and analyzed using Rayyan® software. The results are presented based on the eight steps. Results: The analysis identified three dimensions that define the concept: 1) cognitive: understanding and mastery of health information; 2) procedural: practical application of knowledge; and 3) reflective-contextual: integration of knowledge with experiences and decision-making. The background relates to the diagnosis of chronic diseases, health literacy, and health system support. The consequences are associated with greater adherence to treatment, clinical control, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Conclusions: Self-management knowledge in people with chronic diseases is defined as a cognitive, procedural, and reflective process through which individuals acquire, understand, and apply relevant information about their disease to make informed and sustainable decisions. Its conceptual clarification provides a solid basis for the development of health interventions and measurement instruments.
La práctica del Chemsex presenta alta prevalencia y riesgos asociados, siendo prioritaria la búsqueda de estrategias eficaces de intervención. La literatura científica señala el abordaje grupal como una de las herramientas más efectivas. Este estudio analiza el impacto de una terapia grupal sobre la motivación al cambio, guiado por el Modelo de Promoción de la Salud de Nola Pender. Se plantea como hipótesis que la intervención aumentará la motivación al cambio en los participantes. El diseño es mixto: una fase cuantitativa pre-post mediante la escala URICA y una cualitativa con recogida de relatos a través de un cuestionario online. La muestra incluirá entre 15 y 30 usuarios del recurso CASA (ONG Apoyo Positivo) que cumplan criterios de inclusión. Se emplearán variables sociodemográficas, la escala URICA tipo Likert (0-5) y los relatos personales. La recogida y análisis de datos se realizará a través de revisión bibliográfica y análisis estadístico con IBM SPSS (t de Student, ANOVA o sus equivalentes no paramétricos). El análisis cualitativo será exploratorio e interpretativista.
ABSTRACT
Chemsex practices are highly prevalent and associated with significant health risks, making the development of effective intervention strategies a priority. Scientific literature highlights group-based approaches as one of the most effective tools. This study examines the impact of a group therapy intervention on motivation for change, guided by Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model. The hypothesis is that the intervention will increase participants’ motivation to change. The study follows a mixed-methods design: a quantitative pre-post phase using the URICA scale and a qualitative phase involving the collection of personal narratives through an online questionnaire. The sample will include 15 to 30 users from the CASA service (Apoyo Positivo NGO) who meet the inclusion criteria. Sociodemographic variables, the Likert-type URICA scale (0–5), and personal narratives will be used. Data collection and analysis will involve a literature review and statistical processing using IBM SPSS (Student’s t-test, ANOVA, or their non-parametric equivalents). The qualitative data will be explored through an interpretative, exploratory framework.
by María Yehisiri Martín–Báez, Candelaria de la Merced Díaz-González
IntroductionType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic endocrine disorder in childhood, making teachers key agents in ensuring a safe school environment. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the attitudes and prejudices of teachers at Public Early Childhood and Primary Education Centres (ECPECs) in the municipality of San Bartolomé de Tirajana (SBTGC), on the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain), regarding the care of students with T1DM.
Materials and methodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The target population consisted of 264 teachers from seven ECPECs schools in the municipality of SBTGC, Gran Canaria. Data collection was carried out using the validated instrument Teacher Negative Attitudes Index toward the Care of Students with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (INAPAD-18), which allowed for the evaluation of teachers’ attitudes and provided an answer to the study’s main objective. The research was approved by the Research and Drug Ethics Committee (CEIm) of Las Palmas.
ResultsThe final sample consisted of 126 participants, representing a participation rate of 47.72%, which did not reach the size required for statistical representativeness. A total of 15.87% of teachers reported currently having students diagnosed with T1DM. The mean number of years of experience working with students with this condition was 3.77 years [0–35years]. A marked gender disparity was observed, with a predominance of women (84.12%). The mean score obtained on the INAPAD-18 questionnaire was 47.02 (range: 18–90). In this instrument, lower scores indicate more favourable attitudes toward the care of students with T1DM. Although male participants showed more favourable attitudes compared to their women, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Discussion/ConclusionThe results indicate generally favourable attitudes, with moderately low INAPAD-18 scores. However, slight deficiencies were observed in teachers’ training and perception, consistent with findings from previous similar studies. The ECPEC schools Juan Grande and Las Dunas stood out for demonstrating the most positive attitudes. It is necessary for educational institutions to implement specific measures aimed at teacher training in order to improve attitudes and ensure appropriate attention to the needs of students with T1DM.
Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic condition among Argentine children, with distribution and severity strongly shaped by social and territorial inequalities. This study evaluated caries treatment needs and their spatial and socio-economic associations among preschool children in Buenos Aires.
An ecological population study was conducted among 54 337 6-year-old children attending public schools in Buenos Aires. Caries severity was measured using the Caries Treatment Needs Index (CTNI) by calibrated examiners.
Socio-economic indicators included individual health coverage, neighbourhood housing prices, distance to the nearest primary health centre, population density and the proportion of households with unsatisfied basic needs. Analyses comprised descriptive statistics, multivariate regression, ORs and spatial autoregressive models.
Overall, 67.9% of children had treatment needs (CTNI >2) and 17.5% had high needs (CTNI >10), with significant heterogeneity across municipalities (p
Caries treatment needs in Buenos Aires follow a clear socio-economic and spatial gradient, with both individual and neighbourhood disadvantage independently associated with increased needs and highlighting the need for targeted, territorially focused public health strategies.
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative syndrome associated with Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal degeneration. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a promising treatment, especially associated with language therapy, but comparative efficacy and long-term effects between the different techniques (transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)) remain unknown. The present study aims to investigate the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation, alone or associated (tDCS/TMS/tDCS plus TMS) combined with language therapy delivered during a period of 6 months, in the progression of language impairment in PPA, compared with sham stimulation combined with language therapy.
The study is a randomised, double-blinded, parallel, sham-controlled clinical trial. Patients with PPA in early stages (global Clinical Dementia Rating equal to or less than 1) are eligible. They are to be randomised to one of the four treatment arms of the study (active tDCS-active TMS, active tDCS-sham TMS, sham tDCS-active TMS, sham tDCS-sham TMS). All patients will receive language therapy immediately after each session of NIBS, for 6 months. The primary outcome is the Mini-Linguistic State Examination. The secondary outcomes are naming of trained items, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination, Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities, Clinical Dementia Rating including behaviour and language domains, Neuropsychiatric Inventory and regional brain metabolism. Exploratory substudies will be conducted including blood biomarkers, quantitative electroencephalography and spontaneous speech assessment.
The study is registered (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07158216) and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos (code 25/309-IC_P_CE). Patients will be enrolled after signing an informed consent form. Study outcomes will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals and other academic forums.
This qualitative study aims to explore the experiences and preferences of Hispanic men participating in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP), an intensive lifestyle change intervention that effectively reduces diabetes risk, considering Hispanic men experience diabetes disproportionately yet remain underrepresented in the NDPP.
Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted over the phone in English or Spanish between June 2023 and February 2024. Transcripts were analysed using a framework analysis.
17 Hispanic men engaged in the NDPP for ≥4 sessions. The majority were foreign-born (n=11) and self-identified as English proficient (n=11).
Through three major themes, Hispanic men reflected on their experiences: (1) Going into the NDPP: despite not knowing what to expect from the NDPP, their fear of diabetes motivated them to enrol in the programme; (2) During the NDPP: they felt relief from gaining critical knowledge about diet, exercise and diabetes prevention; and finally (3) Impressions of the NDPP: they appreciated the NDPP’s informational resources, personalised coaching, group format and acknowledgement of traditional cultural diets and found men-only groups often offered additional emotional safety but had mixed feelings about the programme’s virtual format.
Findings suggest that Hispanic men appreciate the knowledge and skills attained from the NDPP and value its resources, group format, culturally-tailored content and gender-tailored structure. Recruitment efforts may benefit from emphasising how the programme reduces uncertainty about prediabetes and from more clearly conveying the structure of the programme. Strategies to improve sustained engagement should consider how to feasibly offer delivery formats that accommodate diverse preferences.
FreshRSS