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Pressure ulcers (PUs) (also termed pressure injuries [PIs]) remain a major patient safety issue, particularly in critical care and other high-risk healthcare settings. Nurses are central to PUs/PIs prevention; however, deficiencies in knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices among nursing staff may negatively affect patient outcomes. To systematically synthesise global evidence on nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to PUs/PIs prevention, and to identify factors influencing preventive performance. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCO, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Springer were searched for studies published between 2011 and 2025. Eligible studies were primary research articles examining registered nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and/or practices regarding PUs/PIs prevention, using cross-sectional, observational, or non-experimental designs. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, settings, samples, assessment instruments, and key outcomes related to knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices. Due to methodological heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was performed. Twenty-nine studies from diverse geographical regions were included, with sample sizes ranging from 28 to 950 nurses. Overall, nurses' knowledge of PUs/PIs prevention was frequently inadequate, particularly in prevention-specific domains. In contrast, attitudes toward prevention were generally positive across studies. Preventive practices, however, were often suboptimal. Commonly reported barriers included staff shortages, high workload, limited resources, and insufficient institutional support. Higher educational attainment, specialised clinical experience, recent training, and professional seniority were consistently associated with better knowledge, more positive attitudes, and improved preventive practices. Although nurses generally demonstrate positive attitudes toward PUs/PIs prevention, persistent gaps in knowledge and practice remain. These findings underscore the need for structured education programmes, simulation-based training, and strengthened organisational support to enhance adherence to evidence-based prevention strategies. Future research should employ experimental and longitudinal designs, standardised measurement tools, and broader international representation to support sustainable improvements in PUs/PIs prevention and patient safety.
The second phase of the Chiba Study of Mother and Child Health (C-MACH) was initiated to investigate how environmental exposures from the fetal period to early childhood influence maternal and child health outcomes. The sub-cohort focuses specifically on detailed assessments of indoor environmental factors and neighbourhood-built and social environments. By integrating environmental metrics with biological, behavioural and sociodemographic data, the study aims to elucidate their role in the development of allergies, neurodevelopmental disorders and other non-communicable diseases in early life.
Between June 2021 and April 2023, 505 pregnant women were enrolled in the second phase of the C-MACH main study. Of these, 298 participants consented to join the sub-cohort study, including 258 in the sleep and physical activity monitoring option (Option 1) and 148 in the indoor allergen exposure sub-study (Option 2). The study includes biological sampling, environmental monitoring and repeated questionnaire surveys. At baseline, 253 live births were recorded from 251 pregnancies.
Of the 298 women, 272 completed early pregnancy questionnaires. The mean maternal age was 33.1 years (SD 4.6); 97.8% were married. University-level education was reported by 51.0% of mothers and 53.7% of fathers. Most households had an annual income of 6 to
Longitudinal follow-up will continue until the children reach age 15. Future analyses will examine associations between environmental exposures and allergic, developmental, endocrine/metabolic and obesity-related outcomes.
To map the implementation and adaptation of life skills training programmes for individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder across diverse settings, identifying frameworks, intervention components, outcomes and implementation strategies.
A scoping review following Arksey and O’Malley’s methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines.
Six electronic databases (MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed (National Library of Medicine), PsycINFO (APA PsycNET), CINAHL (EBSCO), ThaiJo (Thai Journals Online) and TCI-Thailand (Thai-Journal Citation Index) were searched from 1970 to 10 December 2024, supplemented by handsearching reference lists and relevant organisational websites.
Primary studies targeting life skills training for adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, including at least three life skills components (medication management, social skills, communication, organisation/planning, transportation, financial management) and providing intervention details.
Data were extracted using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist. Outcomes were analysed using Kirkpatrick’s four-level training evaluation framework. Implementation adaptation, barriers and enablers were identified through narrative synthesis.
33 studies from 7 countries (France, Italy, Spain, Canada, USA, Turkey and China) met inclusion criteria. Three major programme frameworks emerged: University of California, Los Angeles Social and Independent Living Skills Programme, Functional Adaptation Skills Training and Cognitive-Behavioural Social Skills Training. Cultural adaptations were crucial for implementation success, with programmes demonstrating adaptability across diverse settings while maintaining core therapeutic components. Implementation barriers included cognitive deficits, transportation difficulties and workforce limitations; enablers included structured formats, diverse teaching methods and family involvement. Most studies showed positive behavioural changes, but only one-third reported broader systemic outcomes.
Life skills training programmes had been reported to be implemented across diverse settings when appropriately adapted to cultural contexts and resource constraints. Most programmes combine structured learning with real-world practice, accommodate cognitive limitations through diverse teaching methods and engage families in the intervention process. Future research should focus on implementation strategies enhancing skill generalisation, addressing resource limitations in low-income and middle-income countries, and evaluating longer-term outcomes.
by Annur Ferdous, Munira Jahan Raisa, Md Hijbullah, Nafiz Imtiaz Siam, Shatabdy Barua Trisha, Sadia Biswas Mumu, Md Aminul Haque, Javed Ibne Hasan, Muhammed Mahfuzur Rahman, Md Shaki Mostaid
Background/ObjectivesObesity is a chronic metabolic disorder, and its prevalence in Bangladesh is increasing at an alarming rate. Previous reports have suggested a significant association between Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and obesity, but with inconsistent results. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Apal, rs7975232, and Taql, rs731236) of the VDR gene and the risk of obesity in the Bangladeshi population. Moreover, we looked at serum VDR levels and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in people with obesity (n = 124) and healthy controls (n = 126).
MethodsGenotyping was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). General linear model and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and P-values.
ResultsSerum VDR level was downregulated in people with obesity compared to healthy controls (P A) polymorphism, the CA Heterozygous genotype carried a 1.93-fold higher risk of developing obesity (OR=1.93, 95% CI = 1.10–3.41, P = 0.023). On the contrary, for TaqI, rs731236 (T > C), no significant association was found for both heterozygous and mutant homozygous genotypes.
ConclusionWe report the downregulation of serum VDR levels and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in people with obesity. Moreover, a polymorphism of Apal (rs7975232 C > A) in the VDR gene increases the risk of developing obesity in the Bangladeshi population.
Introduction
During the perinatal and postpartum periods, appropriate health information is crucial for women and their partners. Although previous studies and reviews have identified various sources of health information, these studies have neither sufficiently clarified the relationships between the sources and topics of health information and the acquisition of health information nor included women’s partners as participants. Thus, this scoping review protocol aims to map and synthesise evidence on the acquisition of health information by women and their partners during the perinatal and postpartum periods and clarify the relationships between the sources and topics of health information and the acquisition of health information. We aim to generate thorough knowledge of relationships and patterns from the answers to our research questions as follows: (1) What are the relationships between the sources and topics of health information that women and their partners acquire during the perinatal and postpartum periods? (2) What are the patterns of acquisition of health information by women and their partners? (3) What are the patterns of acquisition routes and timing of health information by women and their partners?
This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis for scoping reviews. We will search PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Ichushi (Japanese electronic database) for relevant articles. The search in Google will be for grey literature. We will include sources of evidence that were investigated after 2020 and written in English and Japanese. Article screening will be conducted by two independent reviewers and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping review flow diagram. Results will be presented on tables and described narratively.
This scoping review covers only secondary data that are publicly available and therefore does not require ethical review approval. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented in a conference.
UMIN000056170.
Although artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely applied to electronic health record (EHR) data in hospital environments, its use in long-term care (LTC) facilities remains unexplored. Limited information technology infrastructure and unique challenges in LTC settings require a comprehensive examination of AI’s potential to enhance care quality and operational efficiency. With the aim of examining the application of AI to EHR data in LTC facilities, this scoping review will identify current AI applications for EHR in LTC, informing future research and potential care improvements in LTC settings.
This review will follow the scoping review methodological guidelines. The protocol of this scoping review has been registered on the Open Science Framework. The inclusion criteria are EHR (participants), AI (concept) and LTC facilities (context), with no date restrictions, but limited to articles published in English. Studies of any design focusing on AI applications for EHR in LTC settings will be considered. A systematic search will be performed on MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Ovid), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Ovid) and SCOPUS (Elsevier) by an information specialist. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts for inclusion based on predefined criteria. The same process will be repeated for full-text screening. Discrepancies will be resolved through team meetings with the third, fourth and fifth reviewers. All reasons for exclusion at the full-text stage will be documented and reported, with any discrepancies resolved by a review team.
As the data will be collected from existing literature, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through conference presentations and publication in a peer-reviewed journal. The results will map current knowledge on AI applications in LTC facilities, thereby providing a foundation for future research aimed at enhancing the implementation and effectiveness of AI technologies in such settings.
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