Primary healthcare (PHC) workforce shortages remain a critical global and national challenge, threatening progress toward Universal Health Coverage. Limited research has examined career-stage-specific motivations and deterrents. This study explores how perceptions of PHC careers differ between final-year medical students and current PHC providers, offering insights for targeted recruitment and retention strategies.

We conducted semi-structured face-to-face and online interviews (November 2023 to December 2024) with final-year medical students and primary healthcare providers (PCPs) from Greater Bay Area institutions. Participants were purposively sampled to ensure diversity in key characteristics. Interviews continued until thematic saturation was reached. Data were analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s six-step framework.

Interviews with 17 PCPs and 13 students identified five themes: systemic and institutional factors, education and training, professional development, community perceptions and personal motivations and trade-offs. The analysis identified common barriers across the participant groups, including inadequate resources, fragmented health information systems, unstructured career pathways and inequitable pay-for-performance mechanisms. Career-stage differences were notable: students associated success with hospital-based specialisation and viewed PHC as a fallback option, influenced by limited PHC training exposure, unclear advancement pathways and prevailing stigma. In contrast, PCPs described professional fulfilment through developing niche expertise and fostering continuity of care, increasingly perceiving PHC as an innovative platform for specialised practice. PCPs with prior hospital experience described their transition from hospital settings as motivated by burnout and the pursuit of better work–life balance, an opportunity often overlooked in workforce planning.

Career-stage-specific recruitment strategies are essential to strengthen the PHC workforce. Policies that address early-career and mid-career needs, establish structured development pathways and enhance the societal value of PHC will be critical to building a resilient primary care system. Findings offer practical implications for health system reforms in China and other countries advancing toward Universal Health Coverage.

In addition to hypertension, the constellation of metabolic abnormalities (diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and/or obesity) independently increases the incidence and severity of cardiovascular diseases, and this is compounded by the modern lifestyle and ageing society. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is high and non-hypertensive heart failure is common in Asians. Adverse cardiac remodelling is an important substrate for cardiac dysfunction in the onset and progression of heart failure and its amelioration improves outcomes and prognosis. A better understanding of metabolic-driven cardiac remodelling is warranted due to the rising prevalence and complexity of metabolic syndrome and strong interests in targeted therapy.

Response of the myocardium to hypertrophic conditions in the adult population is a prospective observational cohort study with an aim to establish the significance of cardiac remodelling by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). The current recruitment target is 2000 participants. Expanding from the initial population with hypertension, the study examines adults with cardiometabolic conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity and fatty liver disease. Eligible patients are identified at National Heart Centre Singapore, primary care clinics and through public outreach. Physical, clinical, imaging and biochemical data are collected. Cardiac remodelling features pertaining to hypertrophy, fibrosis and functional changes are assessed on CMR. Body adiposity is mapped by MRI across the heart, liver and abdomen. Outcome data are adjudicated and follow-up assessment will be available in a subset of participants. Blood biomarkers will be investigated in relation to imaging findings. Cross-sectional analysis will establish the implication of cardiometabolic disease towards cardiac remodelling, while follow-up and outcome analysis will infer on disease progression and prognosis.

The study was approved by the SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board (2015/2603). Written informed consent is obtained from all participants. Study findings will be reported in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences.

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02670031.

The objective of this scoping review is to map and synthesise existing literature on interventions aimed at promoting healthy screen use among adolescents. This review identifies the types, functions and settings of interventions, explores the diversity of targeted outcomes and highlights equity considerations and research gaps.

We conducted a scoping review in accordance with the Arksey and O’Malley framework and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.

We systematically searched Medline, PsycINFO and ERIC from January 2013 to June 2024. Reference lists of included studies were also manually screened.

We included peer-reviewed experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and qualitative studies reporting on interventions designed to promote healthy screen use among adolescents aged 10–19 years.

One author extracted data using a structured charting form, and a second author verified all entries. Results were synthesised descriptively across key themes including target populations, theoretical frameworks, intervention components and reported outcomes.

From 6433 records, we identified 93 articles on 81 interventions, mainly conducted in high school settings in the USA and Australia. Most examined short-term interventions targeting recreational screen time. Outcomes included media literacy, cyberbullying, internet and gaming addiction, safe internet use, social media use and mental and sexual health. Seventy-eight per cent of interventions attempted to educate adolescents, while 34% offered training activities (eg, educational sessions to elevate risk awareness and skill-based training to enhance digital literacy and self-regulation). Interventions targeting external influences were used less frequently. About 20% of studies showed no statistically significant findings, highlighting the need to promote evidence-based interventions.

This review identifies a need for broader, multilevel strategies that account for contextual factors and social determinants in influencing screen use and its related health issues. Future research should explore long-term effectiveness while examining the potential moderating and mediating effects of social determinants. Equity considerations were not a primary focus of most interventions, underscoring an important gap in this literature. Future interventions could incorporate equity-focused design and evaluation to ensure they respond to the needs of diverse adolescent populations.

To enhance nursing students’ critical thinking abilities, numerous educators have explored alternative teaching methods. While meta-analyses have confirmed that various approaches are effective in developing critical thinking, consensus regarding their comparative effectiveness remains elusive. Furthermore, few investigations have directly contrasted the outcomes across these methods, highlighting the necessity to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of their impact on nursing students’ critical thinking skills. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the effects of six teaching methods on nursing students’ critical thinking abilities.

A comprehensive literature search will be carried out up to May 2025 across various databases, such as PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, OVID, CNKI, Wanfang Database and the China Biological Literature Database (CBM). The search strategy will specifically target randomised controlled trials meeting predefined inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers will screen the selected studies and extract pertinent data. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. A network meta-analysis will then be performed using Stata software, incorporating the following analytical components: heterogeneity, network evidence diagrams, publication bias plots, league tables, forest plots, subgroup analyses or meta-regression and sensitivity analyses. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system will be leveraged to appraise the overall quality of evidence related to critical thinking abilities across all compared interventions.

No formal research ethics approval is required. The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

CRD42024618735.