To assess the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among engineering students.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence surveys using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

PubMed, Index Medicus Global, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched from 1 January 2003 to 28 June 2024.

Studies were included if they: (1) reported the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among engineering students, (2) used a validated instrument with defined cut-off points to assess depression or depressive symptoms and (3) were published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Two researchers independently extracted data using a standardised spreadsheet, collecting information on country of data collection, survey years, year of training, sample size, mean age of participants, number and percentage of male participants, assessment instrument, cut-off points and prevalence estimates. Discrepancies were resolved by a third researcher. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias for Studies of the Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders tool. Prevalence estimates were synthesised using random-effects meta-analysis. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed with ² tests and the I² statistic. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to severity cut-off points, and meta-regression was used to explore the influence of study-level characteristics on prevalence estimates.

23 studies involving 12 758 students across 11 countries were analysed. All studies used validated scales with cut-off points to assess depression or depressive symptoms. The overall pooled prevalence was 42.6% (95% CI 32.7 to 53.1) for studies using symptom severity cut-off points at mild or above, and 33.1% (95% CI 25.2 to 42.0) for studies using symptom severity cut-off points at moderate or above. Meta-regression indicated a progressive annual increase in prevalence (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.28, p=0.034) across studies conducted from 2014 to 2024.

Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms is high among engineering students, at levels comparable to medical students. Given the substantial impact, further research should investigate risk factors and evaluate preventive, early detection and treatment strategies tailored to engineering students.

CRD42024571131.

Understanding contextual drivers of family planning is crucial for designing effective, context-specific policies and programmes. This study aimed to assess (1) the extent to which province-level contextual factors are associated with both coverage and wealth-related inequalities in demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (mDFPS) across provinces in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and (2) whether these factors influence mDFPS at women’s level.

Observational study using multilevel modelling at both ecological and individual levels.

We analysed data from Demographic and Health Surveys between 2011 and 2022 in 46 LMICs.

Ecological analysis included 621 provinces. Individual-level analysis included 302 493 women aged 15–49 years, currently married or in union, and in need of contraception (unweighted).

Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (mDFPS) and wealth-related inequalities in mDFPS, assessed using the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (CIX).

In both income groups, at the province level, higher mean women’s schooling and greater proportion of employed women were positively associated with mDFPS coverage. In contrast, higher male-to-female educational attainment ratios were inversely associated with mDFPS. Provinces with higher means of women’s schooling also showed lower wealth-related inequalities in mDFPS. At the individual level, women residing in provinces with higher male-to-female educational attainment ratios were found to have lower odds of mDFPS, regardless of the income group. Additionally, the factors influencing individual women’s mDFPS varied depending on the income level of the country’s provinces.

Women’s empowerment and gender equality in education at the province level significantly influence family planning outcomes. Targeted interventions that address each region’s specific educational, economic and demographic contexts are crucial for improving coverage and reducing disparities in family planning services.

Diets high in ultraprocessed food (UPF) are associated with poor health outcomes and weight gain. Healthcare workers are particularly at risk of consuming diets high in UPF due to erratic work patterns, high stress and limited access to fresh food at work. Despite this, no interventions to date have specifically targeted a reduction in UPF intake in healthcare workers.

This article describes the development and content of a 6-month behavioural support intervention targeting a reduction in UPF intake in UK healthcare workers. The intervention was offered to all participants who took part in the UltraProcessed versus minimally processed Diets following UK dietAry guidance on healTh outcomEs trial—a two-stage study in which Stage 1 was a controlled-feeding crossover randomised controlled trial of provided UPF versus minimally processed food (MPF) diets (published previously) and was completed before the start of Stage 2. Stage 2, reported here, aimed to support participants to reduce their UPF consumption, increase MPF and increase physical activity in real-world settings. The intervention was developed using the behaviour change wheel framework, which systematically links behavioural diagnoses to intervention functions, incorporating the capability, opportunity and motivation model for behaviour change. It included tailored one-to-one and group support sessions, bespoke digital and print resources and a mobile-optimised website. The detailed description is intended to support future replication and adaptation. The acceptability and feasibility of the intervention will be assessed using quantitative and qualitative data in a future paper.

Sheffield Research Ethics Committee approved the trial (22/YH/0281). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and summaries shared with participants and stakeholders.

NCT05627570.

The perspectives of stakeholders directly affected by mental health services for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are essential for the quality of these services. However, it is crucial that these perspectives are informed by the best available evidence and adapted to the local context. This study aims to analyse barriers related to mental health services for children and adolescents with ASD from the perspective of families and caregivers, considering social, racial and gender aspects.

Three steps will be taken: stakeholder engagement through an online meeting to refine the research question and understand the magnitude of the problem; (b) qualitative evidence synthesis using five databases and grey literature to identify studies that have collected and analysed qualitative data on barriers to mental health services for children and adolescents with ASD in Brazil. Only studies conducted in Brazil that consider the perspectives of family members and caregivers will be included. (c) A citizen panel with families of children and adolescents with ASD will be used to discuss and validate the synthesis findings.

We will provide a set of evidence-informed and stakeholder-experienced barriers to mental health services for children with ASD in Brazil. This represents an effort to engage stakeholders in evidence descriptions to inform policy. We plan to disseminate the findings through various means, including peer-reviewed journal publications, presentations at national conferences, invited workshops and webinars, patient associations and academic social media platforms. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research at the University of Sorocaba (approval number 78747224.7.0000.5500).

Open Science Framework—10.17605/OSF.IO/DVAKG.

Spironolactone is a useful and effective acne treatment option for adult female patients. We aim to establish whether spironolactone could be a safe treatment for the management of acne in the female adolescent population as well. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an evidence map of the safety profile of spironolactone in the paediatric population aged 0–17 across all clinical indications.

This scoping review will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review protocol. Relevant publications will be searched on the MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases from inception until July 2025. The authors of included studies will be contacted using contact details provided in the manuscript to check for any further published or unpublished data on the review question. An initial search will be conducted using keywords to identify relevant articles. After identifying the research strategy, articles will be extracted into a reference management tool, and a two-part study selection process will be systematically applied by two reviewers. The first part consists of screening titles and abstracts to define the eligibility of each article. In the second part, the full texts will be screened and only relevant articles will be kept. All articles related to the safety of spironolactone in children and adolescents across all clinical indications will be included. Data will be extracted using a scoping review management software such as Covidence, collated and charted to summarise all the relevant methods, outcomes and key findings in the articles.

This scoping review will provide an extensive overview of the available safety evidence for the use of spironolactone in children and teenagers. Since the scoping review methodology consists of reviewing and collecting data from publicly available materials, this study does not require ethics approval. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed publication.

To assess the quality of amoxicillin products in Indonesia’s private market by surveying the range of products available across different areas, followed by product sampling and laboratory testing.

A cross-sectional survey employing mystery shoppers to purposively sample the widest possible range of amoxicillin products available to patients across different areas in Indonesia.

Licensed and unlicensed medicine outlets in remote, rural and urban areas and online.

Amoxicillin products that are sold to patients as oral solid and dry liquid formulations.

Quality of amoxicillin products, assessed using compendial testing of active pharmaceutical ingredient content and dissolution. Samples that failed any quality test were classified as substandard or out-of-specification (OOS). The raw prevalence of substandard amoxicillin was adjusted based on the national market volume of each product variant.

We surveyed 476 outlets, mostly pharmacies (68.5%), websites (19.7%) and drug stores (10.9%). Among the 120 collected samples, there were 59 distinct products, collectively representing 95% of the estimated market volume for oral solid products and 65% for dry syrups. 12 out of 110 oral solid samples tested OOS (10.9%), as did 3 out of 10 dry syrups (30%). The samples that failed originated from various areas and types of outlets. We found no relation between the price and quality of amoxicillin.

The oral solid amoxicillin products that tested OOS represent an estimated 12.7% of the national market volume. We found no relation between the price and quality of amoxicillin. Combining product-variety sampling with data on market volume presents a promising approach to gain insight into the prevalence of poor-quality medical products using a relatively small sample size.

Patient-centred care (PCC) is associated with better experiences for chronic care encounters and better outcomes. However, its assessment and resultant management outcomes have not been well documented in Malawi. As Malawi strives to institutionalise PCC in its quality-of-care initiatives, documenting its correlates and outcomes is a good starting point in the implementation and advocacy of PCC among chronic care patients, particularly those living with diabetes mellitus (DM).

We sought to assess the level of diabetic patients’ perception of PCC and its relationship to self-efficacy, adherence and glycaemic control among patients with DM.

This study was done in DM clinics of two district and two central hospitals in southern Malawi.

This was a cross-sectional analytical study. We studied 607 subsequent consenting adult patients with DM. We assessed the level of perception of using a locally generated and validated tool and its correlation with self-efficacy, adherence and long-term glycaemic control after a medical encounter. We used K-means clustering, linear and logistic regression, and path analysis in the analysis.

The study’s outcome measures included adherence, self-efficacy, long-term glycaemic control. Adherence included aspects related to medication, diet, lifestyle and appointment keeping and was assessed using the Hill-Bone tool. Self-efficacy was assessed using a Stanford self-efficacy tool while long-term glycaemic control was determined through haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) point-of-care testing.

Overall, the mean score for PCC was 62.86 (SD 14.78). The study highlighted two groups of patients with statistically distinct mean scores of 51.6 (7.8) vs 77.1 (7.2) out of a possible 92 (p

Although this study did not find a direct correlation between PCC and glycaemic control, it has demonstrated that PCC medical encounters could potentially improve glycaemic control by enhancing patients’ adherence to their diabetes management plans. Even though PCC is not an end in itself, medical encounters that prioritise good relational ambience, patient involvement and capacitation are promising interventions in DM care, especially for patients with or at risk of DM complications. The general lack of patient individualisation and involvement elements found in the medical encounters in our study could explain why PCC hardly has an impact on self-efficacy. The study highlights the importance of PCC in DM patient management and outlines important innovative adaptations towards transforming medical education to equip and appraise interpersonal skills that have an impact on patient-reported experiences and outcomes.