Prospective cohort study

In this pilot study, we recruited patients from a secondary pain clinic in Boston, Massachusetts.

In this pilot study, we recruited patients from a secondary pain clinic within the Spaulding Rehabilitation network in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. We enrolled 37 patients who initially came in for a clinical visit with the principal investigator of the study. Of the 37 patients, 14 patients who continued to enrol/join after December 2024 received the ‘DigitalPulse’ to drive engagement.

To present a roadmap for our efforts to contextualise engagement in our digital health technology study and showcase our attempts to incorporate an engagement approach inspired by the Method for Program Adaptation through Community Engagement. Building on this, we further incorporated continued feedback and revision beyond the prototype of the user-centred feedback form (‘DigitalPulse’) to include expanded stakeholders such as clinicians and research assistants.

From these patients, we observed that our approach produced highly variable changes in engagement with slight increases at the group level.

From our observations, we have found that it is important to incorporate iterative refinements and expanded stakeholder involvement in designing patient-centred digital health tools to improve engagement. Overall, we report a process to address engagement and emphasise the need for continuous personalisation in digital health interventions.

We aimed to analyse the time trends of cardiometabolic risk factors in Senegal from 1975 to 2021.

Ecological study of publicly available data from the WHO Health Inequality Data Repository.

Disaggregated datasets from publicly available sources.

Trends of age-standardised prevalence rates, stratified by sex for tobacco use, obesity, diabetes and hypertension, were analysed for significance.

Only data from Senegal were included in this study.

Tobacco use decreased in both sexes between 2000 and 2021, from 1.7% to 0.7% (p value 0.04) in females and from 28.1% to 12.8% (p value 0.04) in males. Obesity and overweight increased in both sexes between 1975 and 2016, from 14.2% to 35.9% (p value

Our findings highlight changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in Senegal between 1975 and 2020 by sex. While tobacco use declined, rates of obesity, diabetes and hypertension increased. These findings underscore the need for strategies to mitigate this increase in cardiometabolic risk factors and a consequential rise in non-communicable diseases.