Osteoporosis represents a growing public health concern in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where ageing populations and limited healthcare access contribute to high fracture rates and poor treatment adherence. Despite the existence of clinical practice guidelines, these often lack integration of stakeholder perspectives such as those of patients, healthcare providers, insurers and systems. Understanding knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to osteoporosis is essential to inform inclusive, culturally relevant strategies for prevention and management. This systematic review aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes (preferences) and practices (behaviours) of key stakeholders, including adults aged 50 years and older and healthcare providers, regarding the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in the MENA region.

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines, we conducted comprehensive searches of MEDLINE and Embase for studies published from January 1994 to January 2025. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts in duplicate. Title/abstract and full-text screening were completed by September 2025. Data extraction will begin in October 2025 and will be performed in duplicate using piloted standardised forms. Risk of bias assessment and data synthesis will follow, using validated design-specific tools and a narrative approach guided by the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis framework. The review was initiated in June 2025, and completion of analysis and manuscript preparation is anticipated in June 2026.

This review synthesises data from publicly available literature and does not involve primary data collection with human participants; therefore, ethics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and deposition of study materials on the Open Science Framework.

This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework.

Preterm birth remains a major risk factor for language delay, which may impact learning throughout life. Systematic reviews have shown conflicting effects of maternal voice exposure on premature infants’ physiological parameters, oral feeding and preterm cognitive and neurobehavioural development. Although simple measures to promote language development include exposure to music and maternal voice, the beneficial effects of maternal singing and voice on language and social-emotional development of preterm infants have not been systematically reviewed to confirm these findings. The overall aim of this systematic review is to assess the effects of maternal singing or voice, live or recorded, on the language and social-emotional development of preterm infants compared with standard of care. We will also determine the specific effects of maternal singing or voice on preterm infants’ physiological and behavioural parameters and on maternal stress and mother-infant bonding.

A search strategy will be developed to identify randomised controlled trials published in any language from inception till July 2025 on Medline OVID, EMBASE and CINAHL. We will also search the reference lists of relevant studies and reviews. Two reviewers will independently extract data on study design, baseline characteristics, details of the interventions employed and primary and secondary outcomes using a pre-piloted standardised data extraction form. The risk of bias and quality of evidence assessment will be done independently and in duplicate using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, respectively. Random-effects models will be performed in case meta-analysis is possible, otherwise a qualitative summary will be provided. We will use RevMan 5.1 for data synthesis. We will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Since this is a systematic review or previously published studies, it is exempt from IRB approval and was approved by the school’s Graduate Studies Committee (GSC) studies. The results of this systematic review will be disseminated at relevant conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

CRD42024613086.

The global population is ageing with percentages of older adult individuals aged 65 years and older projected to increase from 17% in 2020 to 22% in 2040. Therefore, comprehensive approaches that integrate health and social care are increasingly vital to address the needs of the older population and promote healthy ageing. The WHO defines healthy ageing as maintaining functional ability and well-being in later life, emphasising holistic health beyond disease absence. Older adults’ health outcomes are influenced by social determinants of health (SDH) encompassing factors across various domains including healthcare access, education access, social and community context, neighbourhood and built environments and economic stability. Research on healthy ageing is mainly focused on healthcare achievements, but designing comprehensive measures requires attention to the full spectrum of SDH. This protocol describes the scoping review that aims to collate and critically appraise published articles on SDH measures in older adults to promote healthy ageing.

The scoping review will follow Arksey-O’Malley five-stage scoping review method and the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Scoping Review Methods Manual. Studies available in English-language published from 1 January 2015, the year the WHO’s first World Report on Ageing and Health was published, and up to 1 February 2025, will be identified from databases including PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by independent full-text screenings for inclusion. After data extraction, a narrative synthesis will be performed. Experts in the field will be consulted to ensure the results’ feasibility and relevance.

Ethical approval is not required for this review since it relies on available data. The results of the review will be disseminated through publication in journals and presentations at local, regional and global healthy ageing conferences or any related conferences.