This study aims to identify the effectiveness of asthma self-management interventions for school-aged children 6–17 years old in the US. The research questions include: (1) What interventions are conducted for asthma self-management among school children and adolescents aged 6–17 with asthma from minority families in the US? (2) Which asthma self-management intervention(s) are effective and feasible to reduce acute healthcare utilisation and improve asthma control among school-aged children 6–17 years and (3) Are there any differences in the effectiveness of self-management interventions by age groups (children 6–11 years vs adolescents 12–17 years) and by income groups (low income vs high income minority families)?

A thorough search of the literature is conducted in multiple electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus/Embase, EbscoHost, CINAHL-full text, PsycINFO and clinical trials. This review focuses on studies of school-aged children and adolescents 6–17 years old with asthma from minority families that employ self-management intervention to enhance asthma control compared with a standard intervention/control group. The search strategies are developed following the population, intervention, comparison and outcome framework. The primary outcomes of this study are healthcare utilisation (ie, asthma-related urgent care/emergency department visits and hospitalisation), symptom control and asthma control. The process involves developing a search strategy along with inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracting relevant data, assessing the risk of bias (RoB) and analysing the data. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines will be used for reporting of the systematic review. The Cochrane Risk of Bias revised tool will be used to assess the RoB. The findings will be presented descriptively using tables, visual aids and a narrative summary. A meta-analysis will synthesise the results, exploring the impact of various interventions on asthma self-management in low-income and minority adolescents.

Ethical approval is not required for this study since this is a systematic review of existing literature. This study will synthesise evidence of asthma self-management interventions among school-aged children with asthma from minority and low-income families and identify research gaps. The findings in the meta-analysis will offer valuable insights into designing tailored evidence-based, effective, self-management interventions for school-aged children and adolescents with asthma in the future. The findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presentations.

CRD42024567466.

Hearing loss is a global health problem. It is not only an impairment of hearing but also has debilitating effects on the social, emotional and cognitive domains. It also imposes costs on a country’s healthcare sector, which must first be identified to prevent the prevalence of the impairment. In a low- and middle-income country like Nepal, there is no published systematic review on the prevalence of hearing loss. We aim to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the national prevalence of hearing loss in Nepal across all age groups.

We will report our findings in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will search the MEDLINE (PubMed) and Nepal Journals Online databases for publications in Nepali and English. Google Scholar will also be used to broaden the search scope. We will also search grey literature, like government reports. Studies that report the prevalence of hearing loss in Nepal will be included. Titles and abstracts of the studies will be independently screened by both reviewers (PB and SA) using Rayyan software. Full-text articles that pass the initial screening will also be independently reviewed by both reviewers. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion at all stages. If necessary, a third reviewer will be invited, and the original author will be contacted where appropriate (e.g., when data are missing in the original study). We will perform a narrative synthesis of the study results. Cochran’s Q test and the I² statistic will be calculated to assess heterogeneity. I² values of 25%, 50% and 75% will be interpreted as indicating low, moderate and high heterogeneity, respectively. We will conduct a meta-analysis using a random-effects model, which accounts for both within-study and between-study variability. We will perform a sensitivity analysis to examine whether a single study disproportionately contributes to heterogeneity. Potential publication bias will be evaluated using both visual and statistical approaches (Funnel plot and Egger’s test). In addition, if funnel plot asymmetry is observed, trim-and-fill analysis will be conducted. Statistical tests will be performed in R (V.4.3.1) using RStudio (V.2023.06.1+524) with the metafor package for meta-analysis.

Ethics approval is not required for this protocol. This review and meta-analysis are based entirely on secondary data; no primary data will be collected. Our findings will be useful to quantify the national prevalence of hearing impairment in Nepal. They may be useful for developing intervention policies and furthering research agendas for government agencies and hearing-health researchers alike. The results will be presented at conferences, published in peer-reviewed journals and shared with relevant policy-making bodies.

CRD420251120903.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality in Nepal. Risk perception is crucial for the prevention of CVD-related behaviours. This study assessed CVD risk perceptions and the stages of preventive behaviours among adults in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal by integrating two theoretical models—the Health Belief Model and the Transtheoretical Model.

This study used a cross-sectional design with data collected through a survey using a semistructured questionnaire.

This study was conducted from July 2024 to August 2024; among community people aged ≥20 residing in 11 wards of Pokhara Metropolitan.

A total of 384 community people residing in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.

The primary outcome measure was stage of preventive behaviours of CVDs using Fuster BEWAT components (blood pressure, exercise, weight, diet and tobacco), while explanatory variables were sociodemographic characteristics and CVD Health Beliefs.

A total of 384 adults participated (response rate=95%). The mean age was 42.3 years (SD±14.5), with equal representation of males and females. More than half of the participants (55.5%) perceived low susceptibility to CVDs, 40.4% perceived high severity, 78.4% perceived high benefits and 49.5% perceived moderate barriers. Most respondents were in the precontemplation stage for blood pressure control (43%) and weight management (30.5%), whereas maintenance was most common for physical activity (41.1%), healthy diet (51.3%) and smoking abstinence (80.1%).

Ordinal logistic regression revealed that low perceived benefits significantly hindered behavioural progression (p=0.001–0.012), where low perceived barriers significantly facilitated advancement across all behaviours (p

Perceived benefits and barriers were key predictors of progression in CVD prevention behaviours. While many adults maintained healthy diets, physical activity and smoking abstinence, most were in the early stage for blood pressure and weight control strategies. Strengthening perceived benefits and reducing barriers can enhance the adoption of healthy behaviours in Nepal.

Secondary and tertiary renal hyperparathyroidism (RHPT) are common sequelae of chronic kidney disease and are associated with worse patient mortality and quality of life. Clinical guidelines remain lacking with regard to recommendations for using intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) during surgery for RHPT. A prospective randomised study will help evaluate the role of IOPTH in guiding surgery for secondary and tertiary RHPT.

Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring to guide surgery in renal hyperparathyroidism is a pragmatic, multicentre, five-arm, parallel-group, patient-blinded and outcome assessor-blinded prospective pilot trial used to evaluate the feasibility of performing a definitive trial. Eligible participants include adult patients diagnosed with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism who are candidates for subtotal or total parathyroidectomy. Consenting patients will be randomly assigned, through central allocation, in a 1:1:1:1:1 fashion to undergo surgery with IOPTH monitoring (four experimental arms: postexcision IOPTH samples taken at 10, 15, 20 or 25 min) or to undergo surgery without IOPTH monitoring (control arm). The primary feasibility objective is to estimate the percentage of eligible patients that are randomised: ≥70% proceed; 50–69% modify protocol before proceeding;

Ethics approval was obtained from the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board. Pilot trial results will be shared widely through local, national and international academic and clinical networks and will be disseminated through conference presentations and publication in peer-reviewed journals.

NCT06542315, registered on 6 August 2024.

Misinformation about cardiovascular health has the potential to negatively impact public health outcomes. Understanding the nature and spread of such misinformation is crucial for developing effective interventions to mitigate this potential risk. However, despite the critical importance of this issue, there is a gap in comprehensive reviews mapping the existing literature on cardiovascular health misinformation. This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on cardiovascular health misinformation, identifying its spread, prevalence, impact and strategies for correction across diverse populations and settings.

This review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for conducting a scoping review. A comprehensive search will be conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Science, along with grey literature sources. The last date of search was January 2025. The review will include studies without date that involve individuals affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) misinformation, examine the spread, prevalence, impact or correction of misinformation related to cardiovascular health, and capture various cultural, geographic or setting-specific factors. The exclusion criteria include studies that do not directly address misinformation related to CVD. All identified records will be imported into Covidence systematic review software. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text reviews of potentially relevant studies. Discrepancies will be resolved through discussion or by consulting a third reviewer. Data extraction will be conducted by two reviewers using a pre-piloted tool, and a descriptive presentation of the findings will be done. Both inductive and deductive content analysis methods will be employed for objectives related to the impact and strategies to combat misinformation.

Given that the study involves synthesising data from existing published literature, ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated through international conference presentations, published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with public health organisations and policymakers.