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To identify and synthesise the ethical, feasibility and acceptability challenges associated with implementing eye-tracking research with clinicians in acute care settings and to explore strategies to address these concerns.
Scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.
Six databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global) were searched for peer-reviewed articles. Reference lists of included studies were also hand-searched.
Eligible studies involved clinicians using or interacting with eye-tracking devices in acute care environments and addressed at least one ethical, feasibility, or acceptability consideration. Data were extracted and thematically analysed. Knowledge users, including clinicians, ethicists and a patient partner, were engaged during protocol development and findings synthesis.
Twenty-five studies published from 2010 to 2024 were included. Seven challenges were identified: obtaining ethical approval, managing consent, privacy and confidentiality concerns, collecting data in unpredictable environments, interference with care, participant comfort and data loss or unreliability. Knowledge users highlighted the importance of early institutional engagement, clear protocols, continuous consent and context-sensitive ethical reflection.
Eye-tracking offers valuable insights into clinician behaviour and cognition, but its implementation in acute care raises complex ethical and methodological issues. Responsible use requires anticipatory planning, stakeholder engagement and flexible yet rigorous protocols.
By informing the development of ethically sound study protocols and consent practices, this work contributes to safer, more transparent and patient-centred research that respects participant autonomy and protects clinical workflows.
The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jn4yx).
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA; Page et al., 2021) and its Extension for Scoping Reviews (Tricco et al., 2018).
A patient partner was involved in protocol development, interpretation of findings and development of study recommendations. Their contributions included participating in advisory groups and providing feedback alongside clinicians and ethicists during focus groups. This input helped ensure the research addressed patient-relevant priorities and informed the development of ethically responsible practices for conducting eye-tracking research in clinical care settings.
Research on therapeutic mobility is abundant but the field of cancer has not yet been investigated thoroughly. This scoping review aims to examine the existing evidence on global therapeutic mobility and cancer, providing a comprehensive overview of the subject.
We conducted a scoping review and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodological guidelines. We developed a comprehensive search strategy and discussed it with the research team. We searched for peer-reviewed papers on Medline, Embase, ERIC and American Psychological Association via the Dialogue interface and Google Scholar and CAIRN bibliographic database for peer-reviewed articles. We also included grey literature, such as unpublished work and relevant reports from Érudit. We considered studies that employed quantitative or qualitative methods.
Among the 1615 references initially selected, 767 duplicates were excluded. Then, 849 studies were screened on title and abstract and 800 were excluded as they did not meet inclusion criteria. 49 studies were fully screened and 21 were excluded as they did not meet inclusion criteria based on full-text assessment. Ultimately, 28 references were included in the data synthesis. This scoping review has shown that publications on therapeutic mobilities have multiplied in recent years, with a turning point in 2019. A range of academic disciplines and research methodologies are currently employed to describe them. A significant proportion of fieldwork is concentrated in Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. Despite the heterogeneity of the approaches and fields, there are certain common features that emerge: first, the decision to migrate for healthcare is primarily made by the patient themselves and is perceived by them as being non-choice; second, the family plays a central role at all stages of the migration; and third, the migration has a catastrophic impact in terms of social and financial burden.
In conclusion, this scoping review highlights the underexplored relationship between global therapeutic mobility and cancer, emphasising the need for increased research efforts to understand the global dynamics of cancer care mobility.
Prospective, real-world clinical studies of the association between skin color and pulse oximeter (SpO2) accuracy in children are needed to address the limitations of previous research. Such studies are essential for generating evidence for clinicians, regulators and industry. This is the protocol for a multisite study funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL171313; 1 January 2024–31 December 2028).
In this pragmatic, observational study conducted in three large paediatric cardiac catheterisation centres in the USA, children undergoing cardiac catheterisation with directly measured arterial oxygen saturation will be prospectively enrolled. The outcome variable (SpO2 bias) is the difference between contemporaneous paired measurements of pulse oximetry (SpO2) and the standard reference comparator, arterial blood sample oxygen saturation (SaO2), obtained during the catheterisation procedure. The independent variable is an objective measure of skin colour obtained via spectrophotometry. Our primary analysis is a multivariable regression model testing the relationship between skin colour and SpO2 bias, after adjusting for covariates. We will also conduct a moderator analysis to identify factors that may affect the magnitude of the association. The target sample size is 584 participants.
This study was approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board (#854895) under expedited review. Study risks are minimal. Parental permission, and child assent when applicable, are obtained prior to enrolment. In accordance with the NIH Public Access Policy, publications associated with the study will be made publicly available through PubMed Central. The analytic dataset will be contributed to a repository for future use. In collaboration with a children’s hospital-based research family advisory council, interpretation and dissemination of the results for lay, clinical and scientific audiences will be considered.
Although not a clinical trial, this observational study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT06529575) for public awareness.
Breast cancer is a global public health challenge. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Several inequalities remain among women facing this disease, depending on their country of birth and their sociodemographic characteristics. The SENOVIE study (Therapeutic mobility and breast cancer) aims to understand the life trajectories of women born in France and in sub-Saharan Africa treated for breast cancer in four hospitals in the greater Paris area.
The SENOVIE study is a mixed methods study, combining a quantitative and a qualitative approach. A quantitative retrospective life-event survey is conducted in four hospital centres in the greater Paris area, France, to (1) understand how breast cancer (diagnosis, treatment and possibly reconstruction) impacts the life trajectories of women in many spheres (migration, family life, professional life, financial situation, etc); (2) study the access to healthcare by women living with breast cancer and their determinants; and (3) examine how gender relations may shape breast cancer experience. Women born in France and women born in sub-Saharan Africa are recruited: 1000 women, including 500 per group. In the standardised, face-to-face questionnaire, each dimension of interest is collected year by year from birth until the time of the survey. Clinical and laboratory information is documented with a short medical questionnaire filled out by the medical teams. The qualitative survey is conducted specifically with women born in sub-Saharan Africa who came to France for treatment to better understand their trajectories and the specific obstacles they faced. To analyse the quantitative data collected, descriptive analyses will be used to visualise trajectories (sequence analysis), along with longitudinal analysis methods (survival models and duration models).
The study is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The French Data Protection Authority (Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés, declaration number 2231238) and the Committee for Persons’ Protection East I (Comité de Protection des Personnes Est I, national number 2023-A01311-44) approved it. We will disseminate the findings through scientific publications, policy briefs, conferences and workshops.
The SENOVIE France study is registered on Clinicaltrial.gov (NCT06503393; registration date: 7 September 2024;
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