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Knife-enabled crime is a UK public health issue leading to substantial impacts on society, victims and their families, as well as additional strain on the healthcare system. Despite the increase in knife-enabled crime and the overwhelming consequences, there is a lack of comprehensive studies exploring the long-term health outcomes of knife crime victims in the UK. The research gap hinders the development of more targeted secondary preventative interventions, resource allocation and public awareness campaigns. This systematic review aims to identify the long-term health outcomes of knife crime victims, therefore providing valuable knowledge for stakeholders, health practitioners and policymakers for a more effective public health response.
A comprehensive search strategy was developed, focusing on four key concepts: study design, knife-related offences, outcomes and risk. Databases being searched include MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ProQuest Criminology Collection, Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Reference lists and forward citations will be inspected for further suitable literature. The study selection will involve two independent reviewers screening the studies from the search, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. All UK quantitative research on long-term health outcomes of knife crime victims will be included in the review. Covidence will be used to efficiently manage data. A data extraction form has been developed which will summarise key aspects of each study that will be included in the review. Methodological Index for Non-Randomised Studies quality assessment checklist will be used to assess the studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will assess the risk of bias in each study. Findings will be narratively synthesised, and if heterogeneity is sufficient, a meta-analysis will be conducted.
Ethics approval is not required for this study as no original data will be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.
by Shahid Mohammad Ganie, Pijush Kanti Dutta Pramanik, Saurav Mallik, Zhongming Zhao
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major global health crisis, causing millions of yearly deaths. Predicting the possibility of a person being affected by the disease will allow timely diagnosis and precautionary measures leading to preventive strategies for health. Machine learning techniques have been popularly applied in various disease diagnoses and predictions. Ensemble learning approaches have become useful for predicting many complex diseases. In this paper, we utilise the boosting method, one of the popular ensemble learnings, to achieve a higher prediction accuracy for CKD. Five boosting algorithms are employed: XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, AdaBoost, and gradient boosting. We experimented with the CKD data set from the UCI machine learning repository. Various preprocessing steps are employed to achieve better prediction performance, along with suitable hyperparameter tuning and feature selection. We assessed the degree of importance of each feature in the dataset leading to CKD. The performance of each model was evaluated with accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, Area under the curve-receiving operator characteristic (AUC-ROC), and runtime. AdaBoost was found to have the overall best performance among the five algorithms, scoring the highest in almost all the performance measures. It attained 100% and 98.47% accuracy for training and testing sets. This model also exhibited better precision, recall, and AUC-ROC curve performance.by Sadegh Moradi Vastegani, Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam, Samireh Ghafouri, Nima Bakhtiari, Yaghoob Farbood, Alireza Sarkaki
IntroductionAnethole is the main compound of the essential oil of anise and several other plants, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Oxidative stress is considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of PD. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of anethole against rotenone-induced PD.
MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Control group received DMSO + sunflower oil, model group received rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c, daily for 35 days), positive control group received L-Dopa, and test groups received anethole (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, i.g, daily for 35 days) 1 hour before each rotenone injection. Body weight changes, rotarod test, stride length test, and extracellular single unit recording were performed after treatment. After behavioral test, Brain water content and blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability were evaluated, and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutases (SOD), alpha-synuclein and MAO-B were measured in the striatum.
ResultsChronic administration of rotenone induced body weight loss and caused significant dysfunction in locomotor activity, neuronl firing rate, and BBB. Rotenone also decreased SOD activity, increased MDA level, and elevated the expression of alpha-synuclein and MAO-B in the striatum. However, treatment with anethole attenuated body weight loss, motor function, neuronal activity, and BBB function. Furthermore, Anethole treatment attenuated oxidative stress and decreased the expression of alpha-synuclein and MAO-B compared to the rotenone group.
ConclusionOur results show that through its antioxidant properties, aethole can improve the cellular, molecular and behavioral characteristics of rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease.
To investigate whether intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) improves neurological outcomes in children with encephalitis when administered early in the illness.
Phase 3b multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial.
Twenty-one hospitals in the UK.
Children aged 6 months to 16 years with a diagnosis of acute or subacute encephalitis, with a planned sample size of 308.
Two doses (1 g/kg/dose) of either IVIG or matching placebo given 24–36 hours apart, in addition to standard treatment.
The primary outcome was a ‘good recovery’ at 12 months after randomisation, defined as a score of≤2 on the Paediatric Glasgow Outcome Score Extended.
The secondary outcomes were clinical, neurological, neuroimaging and neuropsychological results, identification of the proportion of children with immune-mediated encephalitis, and IVIG safety data.
18 participants were recruited from 12 hospitals and randomised to receive either IVIG (n=10) or placebo (n=8) between 23 December 2015 and 26 September 2017. The study was terminated early following withdrawal of funding due to slower than anticipated recruitment, and therefore did not reach the predetermined sample size required to achieve the primary study objective; thus, the results are descriptive. At 12 months after randomisation, 9 of the 18 participants (IVIG n=5/10 (50%), placebo n=4/8 (50%)) made a good recovery and 5 participants (IVIG n=3/10 (30%), placebo n=2/8 (25%)) made a poor recovery. Three participants (IVIG n=1/10 (10%), placebo n=2/8 (25%)) had a new diagnosis of epilepsy during the study period. Two participants were found to have specific autoantibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis. No serious adverse events were reported in participants receiving IVIG.
The IgNiTE (ImmunoglobuliN in the Treatment of Encephalitis) study findings support existing evidence of poor neurological outcomes in children with encephalitis. However, the study was halted prematurely and was therefore underpowered to evaluate the effect of early IVIG treatment compared with placebo in childhood encephalitis.
Clinical Trials.gov NCT02308982; ICRCTN registry
Objetivo: El presente estudio de revisión tuvo como objetivo evaluar el estilo de vida de
mujeres con cáncer de mama. Métodos: en este estudio, la información sobre el estilo de vida en
mujeres con cáncer de mama se obtuvo de bases de datos en persa e inglés utilizando palabras clave
en persa y su equivalente en inglés para "Estilo de vida, cáncer de mama" basado en MeSH (encabezamientos de temas médicos) de 2000 a 2020. Entre todos los artículos buscados, 48 estudios se
incluyeron en la investigación de revisión. Para recopilar información de los estudios, se revisaron
cuidadosamente los artículos y se extrajeron los resultados. Resultados: De acuerdo con la evidencia
científica disponible, el estilo de vida tiene un efecto sobre la salud y algunos factores relacionados
como la actividad física inadecuada, el estrés, los patrones de alimentación, las malas conductas
como el tabaquismo y el consumo de alcohol se asocian con el cáncer de mama. Conclusión: Por lo
tanto, las intervenciones y capacitaciones deben planificarse para proporcionar un terreno adecuado
y suficiente para orientar a las mujeres hacia estilos de vida y hábitos de comportamiento saludables.
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