In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, changing demographic and epidemiological profiles have resulted in a diverse and shifting burden of disease (BoD). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which combine years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality and years lived with disability (YLD), offer a valuable metric for assessing disease burden at the national level. While global burden of disease (GBD) estimates provide broad insights, national burden of disease (NBD) estimates offer country-specific data that can better inform tailored health policies and resource allocation. This systematic review protocol outlines our methodology for collating and analysing the NBD estimates in the MENA region using DALYs as the primary outcome measure.

This review will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We will systematically search PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE for studies published from 1993 to 2024 that report national-level DALY estimates for diseases, injuries or risk factors in MENA countries. Eligible studies must report DALY estimates using national methodologies, while studies using exclusively GBD estimates will be excluded. Two independent reviewers will conduct title/abstract and full-text screening, data extraction and quality assessment using Standardised Reporting of Burden of Disease Studies (STROBOD), with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer when necessary.

Ethical approval is not required for this review as it involves analysis of previously published data. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant academic and policy forums.

PROSPERO CRD42024498688.

Undergraduate nursing education is essential in preparing competent and compassionate healthcare professionals capable of addressing the complex challenges in today’s healthcare landscape. This protocol proposes a systematic review of the educational outcomes of virtual/augmented reality, flipped classrooms, team-based learning and gamification compared with traditional or didactic methods in undergraduate nursing education.

A systematic review protocol based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocol guidelines will be conducted. Experimental and observational studies published from 2014 through 2024 will be identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL that compare emerging with traditional or didactic teaching methods among undergraduate nursing students. Two reviewers will independently assess titles and abstracts to identify relevant studies based on eligibility criteria. Two additional reviewers will extract data from full-text articles that meet these criteria, evaluate the risk of bias and assess the quality of the selected studies. The meta-analysis will include effect size, heterogeneity, subgroup analyses and publication bias tests.

Ethics approval is not required. The publication will be in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.

CRD42024618288.

Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a high lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Diabetes prevention programmes may reduce this risk. However, challenges related to the successful implementation of diabetes prevention programmes after GDM exist. Our objective is to map the components of the effective implementation of diabetes prevention programmes after GDM. We also plan to connect the available evidence on the effective implementation of diabetes prevention programmes to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

We will conduct a scoping review following Levac’s adaptation of Arksey and O’Malley’s framework for scoping reviews. We will report it according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. Using a peer-reviewed search strategy, we will search Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Emcare for primary studies describing the effective implementation of diabetes prevention programmes after GDM. Study selection will be completed in DistillerSR by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer for accuracy using data extraction forms in DistillerSR.

Ethics approval was not required. Study results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.

This scoping review protocol was registered with Open Science Framework (OSF; preregistration, 15 April 2024; registration ID: 10.17605/OSF.IO/MPNQD).

Globally, studies have consistently demonstrated the harmful mental and physical health impacts of immigration detention, with high levels of distress documented among detained asylum seekers and refugees (ASR). However, the consequences of immigration detention over time on the psychological and physical health of ASR are unclear and poorly quantified.

This prospective, mixed-methods cohort study will recurrently assess and describe the health profiles of adult ASR with an experience of Australian Government-sponsored immigration detention greater than 28 days. ASR ≥18 years old released from immigration detention will be assessed at 0, 3, 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter for up to 10 years, contingent on resourcing. Five self-report scales and a structured psychiatric interview will assess the primary outcome of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, pain intensity and severity, somatic symptoms, functional impairment, physical health conditions associated with detention and engagement in available treatment of this cohort. Additionally, pre-existing health records will be accessed to identify current and previous health status and assess changes in these health indices. Quantitative findings will be triangulated with a qualitative phenomenological thematic analysis of interviews to determine additional psychosocial factors associated with the outcomes.

The study protocol was approved by the Monash Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/73614/MonH-2021-251322). Results will be reported at conferences, in peer-reviewed publications and to all relevant stakeholder groups.