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by Rebecca Lane, Filipa Alves-Costa, Rachael Gribble, Anna Taylor, Louise M. Howard, Nicola T. Fear, Deirdre MacManus
Research suggests that the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse (IPVA) use (i.e., perpetration) and experience (i.e., victimisation) is higher among military compared to civilian populations and that military-related factors, such as deployment and deployment-related trauma, are associated with IPVA. However, the mechanisms underlying the associations between military factors and IPVA use and experience are not well understood. This study explores narratives of how military personnel perceive military life to influence IPVA within relationships. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 UK military serving and ex-serving personnel (29 male, 11 female) and analysed using Framework analysis. Three superordinate themes were derived describing how elements of military life were perceived by personnel and veterans to impact on relationships and contribute to IPVA: Demands of military work; Military cultural spill-over; and Deployment-related difficulties with psychosocial functioning and mental health. The findings highlight risky periods for relationship conflict and IPVA, especially during reintegrations following deployments, but also show the impact of other military factors which provide significant context for IPVA. Our findings emphasise how difficulties with psychosocial functioning and communication, as well as deployment-related traumas and reintegration challenges, can influence relationships and IPVA behaviours among military personnel and veterans. Such experiences are aggravated or perpetuated by occupational demands, military socialization or institutionalisation, and the hypermasculine military environment. Targeted interventions to improve emotion regulation, conflict resolution and mentalizing skills may be especially useful for minimising harm resulting from relationship conflict and preventing IPVA.
by Janaína de Pina Carvalho, Sarah Nascimento Silva, Tália Santana Machado de Assis, Endi Lanza Galvão, Mayra Soares Moreira, Mônica Viegas Andrade, Kenya Valéria Micaela de Souza Noronha, Gláucia Cota
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected infectious disease with a global distribution and a known health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impact. However, no utility-based HRQoL assessments for CL patients are available. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the health-related quality of life among patients with CL attending a Brazilian reference center. A retrospective interview-based longitudinal study was conducted using the EQ-5D-3L/VAS to assess the current health status during active disease, and retrospectively before the onset of disease symptoms. In addition, socioeconomic data were collected via a standardized questionnaire, and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected directly from medical records. A total of 143 patients with a mean age of 52 (±17) years were included, 73% of whom were men. The mean utility score before the onset of CL symptoms was 0.858. Comparison of responses related to health status before and after disease onset revealed significant losses (p
by Gustavo Ferlini Agne, Kellie Adamson, Leah McGlinchey, Olena Kravchuk, Luiz Santos, John Schumacher
Accuracy of a median nerve block is normally assessed by testing skin sensitivity on the medial and dorsal aspects of fetlock and pastern. The present study evaluated subjective and objective analysis of skin surface temperature obtained with two different infrared (IR) thermography cameras (a high-end [FLIR P640] and a smartphone IR thermography device [FLIR One®]) before and after anaesthesia of the median nerve. Thermographic images were obtained at 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after performing a median nerve block with 2% mepivacaine hydrochloride. The subjective analysis of thermographic images using the FLIR P640 camera found assessors had >50% agreement for the presence of a nerve block (p
by Michele Salvagno, Alessandro De Cassai, Stefano Zorzi, Mario Zaccarelli, Marco Pasetto, Elda Diletta Sterchele, Dmytro Chumachenko, Alberto Giovanni Gerli, Razvan Azamfirei, Fabio Silvio Taccone
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subset of artificial intelligence that enables machines to understand and respond to human language through Large Language Models (LLMs)‥ These models have diverse applications in fields such as medical research, scientific writing, and publishing, but concerns such as hallucination, ethical issues, bias, and cybersecurity need to be addressed. To understand the scientific community’s understanding and perspective on the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in research and authorship, a survey was designed for corresponding authors in top medical journals. An online survey was conducted from July 13th, 2023, to September 1st, 2023, using the SurveyMonkey web instrument, and the population of interest were corresponding authors who published in 2022 in the 15 highest-impact medical journals, as ranked by the Journal Citation Report. The survey link has been sent to all the identified corresponding authors by mail. A total of 266 authors answered, and 236 entered the final analysis. Most of the researchers (40.6%) reported having moderate familiarity with artificial intelligence, while a minority (4.4%) had no associated knowledge. Furthermore, the vast majority (79.0%) believe that artificial intelligence will play a major role in the future of research. Of note, no correlation between academic metrics and artificial intelligence knowledge or confidence was found. The results indicate that although researchers have varying degrees of familiarity with artificial intelligence, its use in scientific research is still in its early phases. Despite lacking formal AI training, many scholars publishing in high-impact journals have started integrating such technologies into their projects, including rephrasing, translation, and proofreading tasks. Efforts should focus on providing training for their effective use, establishing guidelines by journal editors, and creating software applications that bundle multiple integrated tools into a single platform.
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