Conectar
by Nopadol Precha, Suppachai Sukmai, Muhammadsarif Hengbaru, Muhammadkaddfee Chekoh, Sawanya Laohaprapanon, Prasert Makkaew, Nazri Che Dom
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) have been recognized as one of the global health issues affecting humans, animals, and the environment. A lack of knowledge, negative attitudes, and irrational drug use can make significant contributions to the spread of ARB. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and resistance among health science (HS) and non-health science (NHS) students and to determine the factors that influence their KAP concerning antibiotic use and resistance. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 HS and NHS students in Southern Thailand from December 2021 to March 2022. The students who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria responded to a questionnaire that had five dimensions. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the qualitative variables, and Fisher’s exact test was applied to compare the demographic variables, KAP responses between the HS and NHS students. The KAP regarding antibiotic use and resistance for each variable were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis H test. Spearman’s correlation test was used to estimate the correlation between the variables and KAP. A total of 404 (HS,162; NHS,242) students completed the self-administered questionnaire. The students’ highest score was for attitude, followed by practice and knowledge. Our findings revealed that the HS students had higher levels of KAP correlated with antibiotic use and resistance than the NHS students (P
Background
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occasionally develop acute exacerbation of COPD—a potentially fatal condition. Psychological distress was associated with acute exacerbation of COPD. However, the evidence on the effect of psychological distress on acute exacerbation of COPD remains unclear.
Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the influence of psychological distress on acute exacerbation of COPD and its consequences.
Methods
The current review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and PsyINFO) that were searched to identify relevant articles. Pooled risk ratios and 95% confidential interval were calculated from the included studies’ data with random-effect methods to estimate the effect of psychological distress on acute exacerbation of COPD and its consequences.
Results
Nineteen articles were included in the review. Most revealed that psychological distress was significantly associated with increased risk of acute exacerbation of COPD and its consequences. The meta-analyses showed that psychological distress increased risk of acute exacerbation of COPD, COPD-related hospitalization, and death.
Conclusion
Psychological distress had negative effects on acute exacerbation of COPD and its consequences. The results of the meta-analyses show that persons with COPD and psychological distress had a greater risk of acute exacerbation of COPD, hospitalization, and death. To assess diabetes knowledge and foot care practices among type 2 diabetes patients.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from 1 January to 31 January 2021.
Eastern Ethiopia.
Randomly selected type 2 diabetes patients who were available during the data collection period were included.
Patients’ diabetes knowledge was assessed with the revised diabetes knowledge test questionnaire. Five items were used to evaluate foot self-care practices.
The study population comprised of 549 patients. About 52.5% of the patients had adequate diabetes knowledge (95% CI: 48.2% to 56.7%). Patients with an educational level of secondary school and above (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.04, 95% CI: 1.13 to 3.71), (AOR: 5.28, 95% CI: 2.28 to 12.22), and those with medium and above wealth status (AOR: 3.81, 95% CI: 2.24 to 6.47), (AOR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.98 to 6.04), were found to have better odds of having adequate diabetes knowledge. However, those aged >55 years (AOR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.99) were found to have lower odds of adequate diabetes knowledge.Of the total included patients, 20.2% (95% CI: 16.9% to 23.8%) had good foot care practices. Knowledge of the target fasting plasma glucose (AOR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.94 to 5.22) and adequate diabetes knowledge (AOR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.95 to 5.91) were significantly associated with good foot care practices.
According to this study, about half of individuals with type 2 diabetes have adequate levels of knowledge about the disease. In addition, only one out of every five patients has good foot care habits. Diabetes education should emphasise the significance of rigorous adherence to daily foot care practices.
by Auttawit Sirichoat, Orawee Kaewprasert, Yothin Hinwan, Kiatichai Faksri
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections are a significant clinical challenge. Determining drug-susceptibility profiles and the genetic basis of drug resistance is crucial for guiding effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine the drug-susceptibility profiles of MAC clinical isolates and to investigate the genetic basis conferring drug resistance using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. Drug-susceptibility profiles based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were determined for 38 MAC clinical isolates (12 Mycobacterium avium and 26 Mycobacterium intracellulare). Mutations associated with drug resistance were identified through genome analysis of these isolates, and their phylogenetic relationships were also examined. Drug resistance, based on MIC values, was most commonly observed for moxifloxacin (81.6%), followed by linezolid (78.9%), clarithromycin (44.7%) and amikacin (36.8%). We identified specific mutations associated with resistance to amikacin. These include the rrs mutation at C464T in amikacin intermediate-resistance M. avium, and two mutations at T250A and G1453T in amikacin non-susceptible M. intracellulare. Mutations in rrl at A2058G, A2059C and A2059G were potentially linked to clarithromycin resistance. MAC clinical isolates not susceptible to linezolid exhibited mutations in rplC at G237C and C459T, as well as two rplD mutations at G443A and A489G. GyrB substitution Thr521Ala (T521A) was identified in moxifloxacin non-susceptible isolates, which may contribute to this resistance. A phylogeny of our MAC isolates revealed high levels of genetic diversity. Our findings suggest that the standard treatment regimen for MAC infections using moxifloxacin, linezolid, clarithromycin and amikacin may be driving development of resistance, potentially due to specific mutations. The combination of phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility testing can be valuable in guiding the clinical use of drugs for the treatment of MAC infections.
FreshRSS 