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Despite international efforts, the number of individuals struggling with obesity is still increasing. An important aspect of obesity prevention relates to identifying individuals at risk at early stage, allowing for timely risk stratification and initiation of countermeasures. However, obesity is complex and multifactorial by nature, and one isolated (bio)marker is unlikely to enable an optimal risk stratification and prognosis for the individual; rather, a combined set is required. Such a multicomponent interpretation would integrate biomarkers from various domains, such as classical markers (eg, anthropometrics, blood lipids), multiomics (eg, genetics, proteomics, metabolomics), lifestyle and behavioural attributes (eg, diet, physical activity, sleep patterns), psychological traits (mental health status such as depression) and additional host factors (eg, gut microbiota diversity), also by means of advanced interpretation tools such as machine learning. In this paper, we will present a protocol that will be employed for a scoping review that attempts to summarise and map the state-of-the-art in the area of multicomponent (bio)markers related to obesity, focusing on the usability and effectiveness of such biomarkers.
PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Embase databases will be searched using predefined key terms to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English until January 2024. Once downloaded into EndNote for deduplication, CADIMA will be employed to review and select abstracts and full-text articles in a two-step procedure, by two independent reviewers. Data extraction will then be carried out by several independent reviewers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies guidelines will be followed. Combinations employing at least two biomarkers from different domains will be mapped and discussed.
Ethical approval is not required; data will rely on published articles. Findings will be published open access in an international peer-reviewed journal. This review will allow guiding future directions for research and public health strategies on obesity prevention, paving the way towards multicomponent interventions.
The pandemic has ensued challenges across all sections of the human population such as livelihood and educational changes, which involve the abrupt shift to online learning, immensely affecting the students’ well-being. Negative health consequences of e-learning among students stem from the increased demand for new technological skills, productivity, information overload and restriction of students to spend time with their peers.
To explore the experiences of the students from the University of Santo Tomas—College of Rehabilitation Sciences (UST-CRS) who participated in the online well-being programme.
A phenomenological design will be used to determine the participants’ perceptions and experiences. Purposive sampling will be used to recruit 8–10 undergraduate students from UST-CRS ages 18–22 years, who participated in the well-being programme, and completed the study’s quantitative counterpart. Semistructured, in-depth questions will be used to conduct a focus group discussion. The transcripts will be analysed using thematic analysis via the NVivo V.12 software.
The study protocol is approved by the UST-CRS Ethical Review Committee (Protocol Number: SI-2022–034 (V.4)). It will be implemented in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the National Ethical Guidelines for Health and Health-Related Research, and Data Privacy Act. Findings will be published in accredited journals and presented in related scientific fora.
PHRR230214-005419; Philippine Health Research Registry.
To design, develop and validate a new tool, called NEUMOBACT, to evaluate critical care nurses' knowledge and skills in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and catheter-related bacteraemia (CRB) prevention through simulation scenarios involving central venous catheter (CVC), endotracheal suctioning (ETS) and mechanically ventilated patient care (PC) stations.
Simulation-based training is an excellent way for nurses to learn prevention measures in VAP and CRB.
Descriptive metric study to develop NEUMOBACT and analyse its content and face validity that followed the COSMIN Study Design checklist for patient-reported outcome measurement instruments.
The first version was developed with the content of training modules in use at the time (NEUMOBACT-1). Delphi rounds were used to assess item relevance with experts in VAP and CRB prevention measures, resulting in NEUMOBACT-2. Experts in simulation methods then assessed feasibility, resulting in NEUMOBACT-3. Finally, a pilot test was conducted among 30 intensive care unit (ICU) nurses to assess the applicability of the evaluation tool in clinical practice.
Seven national experts in VAP and CRB prevention and seven national simulation experts participated in the analysis to assess the relevance and feasibility of each item, respectively. After two Delphi rounds with infection experts, four Delphi rounds with simulation experts, and pilot testing with 30 ICU nurses, the NEUMOBACT-FINAL tool consisted of 17, 26 and 21 items, respectively, for CVC, ETS and PC.
NEUMOBACT-FINAL is useful and valid for assessing ICU nurses' knowledge and skills in VAP and CRB prevention, acquired through simulation.
Our validated and clinically tested tool could facilitate the transfer of ICU nurses' knowledge and skills learning in VAP and CRB prevention to critically ill patients, decreasing infection rates and, therefore, improving patient safety.
Experts participated in the Delphi rounds and nurses in the pilot test.
The qualities of primary healthcare (PHC) make it a very relevant environment for research; however, there is still work to be done to enhance the research capabilities of family physicians in healthcare units. Considering there is no ongoing review that specifically addresses this objective, the proposed goal of this scoping review is to determine the depth of the literature on the current strategies that support research capacity building among family physicians in the context of PHC.
The scoping review will include studies from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and grey literature, published from 2008 to 2023, that address strategies to promote research capacity building among family physicians in the context of PHC. Only studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish will be considered. All study designs, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies, will be eligible for inclusion. The literature search will be performed from January to March of 2024 and data charting will employ a descriptive-analytical method, systematically summarising study objectives, methodologies, findings and implications. This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols and the review will employ the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews.
This review does not need ethical approval. Peer-reviewed publications, policy summaries, presentations at conferences and involvement with pertinent stakeholders are all part of our outreach approach.
To present the psychometric properties of the living with long-term condition (LwLTCs) scale in an English-speaking population of people with different LTCs.
An observational and cross-sectional study, with retest was conducted. Psychometric properties including feasibility, internal consistency, confirmatory factor analysis, reproducibility and content validity were tested.
The study took place across the UK via primary care surgeries and voluntary organisations, between December 2021 and June 2022.
The study included 577 patients living with different LTCs, as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, chronic heart failure, Parkinson’s disease, chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inclusion criteria included: (a) having been diagnosed with one or more of the conditions; (b) being able to read, understand and answer written questionnaires; (c) being fluent in English and (d) being able to provide written informed consent. Patients were involved in the design and pilot study of the scale.
A total sample of 577 people with an age range of 37–97 years (98±9.65) were recruited. Internal consistency of the total 26-item LwLTCs scale score was excellent (ordinal alpha=0.90) but confirmatory factor analysis showed better fit indices (Normed Fit Index=0.96; standardised root mean square residual=0.051; Goodness of Fit Index=0.98) for a 20-item LwLTCs scale.
A shorter version of the LwLTCs scale, with just 20 items and with excellent psychometric properties, is recommended. Having a short scale is key when considering the implementation of the scale in clinical practice to develop person-centred pathways and more comprehensive care plans.
SARS-CoV-2 has impacted globally the care of chronic diseases. However, direct evidence from certain vulnerable communities, such as Indigenous communities in Latin America, is missing. We use observational data from a health district that primarily serves people of Maya K’iche’ ethnicity to examine the care of type 2 diabetes in Guatemala during the pandemic.
We used a parallel convergent mixed methods design. Quantitative data (n=142 individuals with diabetes) included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, body mass index and questionnaires on diabetes knowledge, self-care and diabetes distress. Quantitative data was collected at two points, at baseline and after COVID restrictions were lifted. For quantitative outcomes, we constructed multilevel mixed effects models with multiple imputation for missing data. Qualitative data included interviews with providers, supervisors and individuals living with diabetes (n=20). We conducted thematic framework analysis using an inductive approach.
Quantitative data was collected between June 2019 and February 2021, with a median of 487 days between data collection points. HbA1c worsened +0.54% (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.94) and knowledge about diabetes decreased –3.54 points (95% CI, –4.56 to –2.51). Qualitatively, the most important impact of the pandemic was interruption of the regular timing of home visits and peer group meetings which were the standard of care.
The deterioration of diabetes care was primarily attributed to the loss of regular contact with healthcare workers. The results emphasize the vulnerability of rural and Indigenous populations in Latin America to the suspension of chronic disease care.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and costs of FreeStyle Libre (FSL) glucose monitoring system for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Spain.
Prospective, multicentre pre-post study.
Thirteen Spanish public hospitals recruited patients from January 2019 to March 2020, with a 12-month follow-up.
156 patients were included.
Primary: glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) change. Secondary: severe hypoglycaemic events (self-reported and clinical records), quality of life, diabetes treatment knowledge, treatment satisfaction, adverse events, adherence, sensor usage time and scans. Healthcare resource utilisation was assessed for cost analysis from the National Health System perspective, incorporating direct healthcare costs. Data analysis used mixed regression models with repeated measures. The intervention’s total cost was estimated by multiplying health resource usage with unit costs.
In the whole sample, HbA1c increased significantly (0.32%; 95% CI 0.10% to 0.55%). In the subgroup with baseline HbA1c≥7.5% (n=88), there was a significant reduction at 3 months (–0.46%; 95% CI –0.69% to –0.23%), 6 months (–0.49%; 95% CI –0.73% to –0.25%) and 12 months (–0.43%; 95% CI –0.68% to –0.19%). Well-controlled patients had a significant 12-month worsening (0.32%; 95% CI 0.18% to 0.47%). Self-reported severe hypoglycaemia significantly decreased compared with the previous year for the whole sample (–0.37; 95% CI –0.62 to –0.11). Quality of life and diabetes treatment knowledge showed no significant differences, but satisfaction increased. Adolescents had lower sensor usage time and scans than children. Reduction in HbA1c was significantly associated with device adherence. No serious adverse effects were observed. Data suggest that use of FSL could reduce healthcare resource use (strips and lancets) and costs related to productivity loss.
The use of FSL in young patients with T1DM was associated with a significant reduction in severe hypoglycaemia, and improved HbA1c levels were seen in patients with poor baseline control. Findings suggest cost savings and productivity gains for caregivers. Causal evidence is limited due to the study design. Further research is needed to confirm results and assess risks, especially for patients with lower baseline HbA1c.
To understand the experiences of advanced practice nurses working in cancer care.
Phenomenological qualitative study.
Three focus groups were held to collect qualitative data. Participants were recruited through theoretical non-probabilistic sampling of maximum variation, based on 12 profiles. Data saturation was achieved with a final sample of 21 oncology advanced practice nurses who were performing advanced clinical practice roles in the four centers from December 2021 to March 2022. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed following Guba and Lincoln's criteria of trustworthiness. The centers' ethics committee approved the study, and all participants gave written informed consent. Data analysis was undertaken with NVivo 12 software.
Three broad themes emerged from the data analysis: the role performed, facilitators and barriers in the development of the role and nurses' lived experience of the role.
Advanced practice nurses are aware that they do not perform their role to its full potential, and they describe different facilitators and barriers. Despite the difficulties, they present a positive attitude as well as a capacity for leadership, which has allowed them to consolidate the advanced practice nursing role in unfavourable environments.
These results will enable institutions to establish strategies at different levels in the implementation and development of advanced practice nursing roles.
Reporting complied with COREQ criteria for qualitative research.
No patient or public contribution.
This study aimed to investigate the experiences and transitional care needs of Turkish frail older adults living in the UK and determine how this information can be utilized to improve the provision of culturally sensitive care during the transitional period.
Qualitative descriptive research with semi-structured individual interviews.
“The ‘Silences’ Framework guided the research design, from conceptualizing the research question to structuring the report of final outputs. For this study, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with sixteen older adults living with frailty and five family caregivers between January and May of 2023 in the United Kingdom.
Major themes that were identified included: (i) information and communication, (ii) care and support, (iii) the role of culture and (iv) trust and satisfaction. Further analysis, through discussion and immersion in the data, revealed that care transition periods were presented alongside three phases of transitional care: pre-transition (during hospitalization), early-transition (the period between discharge and the 7th day after discharge) and late transition (the period between the 8th day and 12th month after discharge).
Our study revealed that the communication and informational needs of frail older individuals change during the transition period. While Turkish older adults and family caregivers expressed satisfaction with healthcare services in the UK, many struggled due to a lack of knowledge on how to access them.
The support of family caregivers is a crucial component in facilitating transitional care for frail older patients, as they help in accessing healthcare services and using technological devices or platforms. It should be noted that family caregivers often hold the same level of authority as their elderly Turkish counterparts.
No patient or public contribution.
Objetivo principal: Los profesionales sanitarios fueron los trabajadores más afectados por Covid-19, especialmente durante las primeras oleadas. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la percepción del riesgo de exposición al Covid-19, información recibida y participación laboral entre enfermeros, médicos y auxiliares de enfermería. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante una encuesta epidemiológica entre enfermeras, médicos y auxiliares de enfermería de un hospital universitario. Se realizó una validación de aspecto y contenido, un pretest cognitivo y un pilotaje de la encuesta epidemiológica con treinta sujetos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo utilizando media y desviación estándar (DE) para las variables cuantitativas y las frecuencias absolutas (n) y relativas (%) para variables cualitativas. Se aplicó el test chi-cuadrado y el test ANOVA para evaluar la asociación de las respuestas con las variables: sexo, tipo de trabajador, área de trabajo y actividad en Unidades Covid-19. Resultados principales: Las enfermeras, médicos y auxiliares de enfermería trabajaban principalmente en áreas asistenciales y en unidades de alto riesgo de exposición. Los auxiliares de enfermería y las enfermeras tenían una mayor percepción de riesgo. Las enfermeras estaban menos implicadas en la organización, pero se sentían más apoyadas por sus compañeros. Los médicos se sentían más apoyados por sus superiores y mejor atendidos cuando tenían problemas de salud. Conclusión principal: Las enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería presentaron mayor percepción de riesgo, las enfermeras se implicaron menos en la organización de la atención sanitaria, mientras que los médicos se sintieron más apoyados por sus superiores.
Objetivo: analizar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular del personal sanitario mediante la tabla REGICOR, en función edad, sexo, categoría profesional y turno de trabajo, así como el estrés laboral que experimenta nuestro equipo. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal cuya población fueron profesionales quirúrgicos Área V, Murcia, entre Enero y julio de 2020. Búsqueda bibliográfica y el instrumento un cuestionario con variables sociodemográficas y los factores de riesgo. Se explicó todo el proceso y firmaron Consentimiento Informado. Se calculó el RCV mediante REGICOR. El estrés con test de Hock y Escala General de Satisfacción. Resultados: muestra final n= 55, 18,2% (n =10) hombres y 81,8% (n= 45) mujeres, edades 35 y 64 y X= 49,4 años (DT = 8,7). Según la categoría profesional: 60% enferme-ros/as y 45,5% turno rodado. FRCV recogidos: IMC X=24,6 Kg/m2 presentando sobrepeso 32,1%, colesterol 30,9%, 22,6% hipertensos y 7,3% diabéticos. Edad y el riesgo coronario se relacionan de forma directa y significativa (r=0,550, p<0,001). Estrés< 42 puntos. Escala de satisfacción laboral 61,1 (DT=1,06). Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos muestran elevadas prevalencias de factores de riesgo modificables especialmente obesidad, dislipemia y tabaquismo. Según la tabla Regicor elevada prevalencia de riesgo alto o muy alto. Sexo y edad fuertemente asociados al riesgo coronario. Mientras que el turno de trabajo y categoría profesional no existe asociación. El estrés no está relacionado en la población del Hospital Virgen del Castillo.
Objetivo principal: analizar los beneficios para el paciente de la aplicación del protocolo Fast-Track en ATR. Metodología: se ha realizado una búsqueda exhaustiva de artículos en distintas bases de datos: WOS, Pubmed, Cuiden Plus y Scopus, y otras páginas webs oficiales de sanidad. Tras la aplicación de los criterios de selección, finalmente analizamos 22 artículos. Resultados principales: en la aplicación del protocolo Fast-track en ATR vemos que un elemento crucial durante todo el proceso es la promoción de la salud al paciente tanto para hacerlo partícipe en la toma de decisiones como para conseguir su confianza en este proceso. Conclusión principal: los datos reco-pilados apuntan que la implantación de este programa ha generado numerosos beneficios, destacando la movilización temprana y la educación sanitaria en este tipo de cirugías factores fundamentales para lograr el fin terapéutico de este protocolo.
Objetivo principal: identificar la existencia de escalas de medición validadas que nos ayuden a predecir la existencia de deterioro neurológico del origen respiratorio y digestivo. Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en diciembre de 2019 en las principales bases de datos. Resultados principales: se incluyeron artículos que describen instrumentos para la detección precoz del deterioro neurológico y la calidad de vida en pacientes con Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica. Se incluyeron 15 artículos que nos brindaron información sobre los ocho cuestionarios más importantes disponibles y validados para evaluar la progresión de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (EuroQoL, SF-12, SPB, ALSFR, ALSFRS-R, NPS, DMN, ALSAQ40). Conclusión principal: a pesar del trabajo constante para mejorar la calidad de vida y la dignidad de los pacientes y sus familias, actualmente no existe un cuestionario validado que prediga la existencia de deterioro neurológico respiratorio y digestivo.
Objetivo principal: Evaluar si el uso de catéter venoso central (CVC) impregnado en antimicrobiano es útil para la reducción de la bacteriemia relacionada con el catéter en pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), e identificar el antimicrobiano más efectivo. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en Bases Datos (CINAHL, PUBMED, CUIDEN, EMBASE, LILACS y SCIELO). Incluidos artículos de 2009 a 2017, inglés y español, que fuesen ensayos clínicos aleatorizados e incluyeran pacientes de UCI con CVC impregnado comparado con CVC convencional. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica de los artículos mediante la herramienta CASPE. Resultados principales: De los 8 estudios, 4 mostraron significancia en cuanto al uso de CVC impregnados para la reducción de infecciones relacionadas con el catéter. Dentro de los antimicrobianos usados, la minociclina-rifampicina muestra la mayor efectividad. Conclusión principal: El uso de CVC impregnado, puede ser efectivo en la reducción de infecciones en UCI. Dentro de las limitaciones de este tipo de catéter, a mayor número de luces y tiempo de mantenimiento de CVC, menor efectividad antimicrobiana.
Objetivo principal: El objetivo perseguido en esta investigación es estudiar la relevancia y características de la administración oral de fármacos, y sus implicaciones para los cuidados de enfermería, buscando aumentar la seguridad y efectividad de la misma. Metodología: Realizamos un estudio descriptivo en un servicio de medicina interna, concretamente de 194 episodios de ingreso correspondientes al año 2014. A continuación, se analizaron los principios activos y formas farmacéuticas más empleados por vía oral, revisando en la evidencia científica cuáles de ellos requerían recomendaciones especiales para garantizar la seguridad y eficacia en su administración. Resultados principales: La mayoría de los principios activos empleados poseen recomendaciones especiales, y se cometen errores e interacciones significativas como consecuencia de no aplicarlas. Conclusión principal: La administración de medicamentos oral entraña una serie de características, en la que los cuidados de enfermería, permiten al profesional garantizar que un proceso interdisciplinario como el tratamiento farmacológico, conduzca a una administración personalizada, segura y eficaz.
El programa considera que uno de los principales riesgos para el envejecimiento es la discapacidad, la cual se puede prevenir con estrategias de intervención adecuada, como actividad física, la mejor nutrición y función cognoscitiva. El objetivo es promover el envejecimiento activo en personas mayores de 60 años, mediante el fomento y la mejora de la actividad física, la nutrición y el funcionamiento cognitivo [fragmento de texto].
Rev Enferm;41(2): 135-138, feb. 2018. [Artículo]
Rev Enferm;41(2): 102-110, feb. 2018. tab, ilus. [Artículo]
Rev Enferm;41(2): 141-146, feb. 2018. ilus. [Artículo]
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