To evaluate the association between urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (U8-OHdG) level—a marker of oxidative stress—and the incidence of preterm births (PTBs).

Prospective cohort study.

The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS).

Data from 92 715 women with singleton pregnancies at and after 22 weeks of gestation who were enrolled in the JECS, a nationwide birth cohort study, between 2011 and 2014 were analysed. U8-OHdG levels were assessed once in the second/third trimester using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Participants were categorised into the following three or five groups: low (

Adjusted OR (aOR) for PTB before 37 and 34 weeks of gestation were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model while adjusting for confounding factors; the moderate or lowest U8-OHdG group was used as the reference, respectively.

The aORs for PTB before 37 weeks of gestation in the high U8-OHdG group were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.22) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.23) after stratification. The aOR for PTB before 37 weeks in the fourth group was 0.90 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.99). After stratification, the aORs for PTB before 37 and 34 weeks in the fifth group were 1.15 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.29) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.97), respectively.

High U8-OHdG levels were associated with increased PTB incidence, especially in participants without representative causes for artificial PTB. Our results can help identify the mechanisms leading to PTB, considering the variable aetiologies of this condition; further validation is needed to clarify clinical impacts.

Hyperkalaemia (HK) is a frequent complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or chronic heart failure (CHF). HK must be managed, both to protect patients from its direct clinical adverse outcomes and to enable treatment with disease-modifying therapies including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors. However, the experiences of patients undergoing treatment of HK are not clearly understood. Optimising treatment decisions and improving long-term patient management requires a better understanding of patients’ quality of life (QOL). Thus, the aims of this research are: (1) to describe treatment patterns and the impact of treatment on a patient’s QOL, (2) to study the relationships between treatment patterns and the impact of treatment on a patient’s QOL and (3) to study the relationships between the control of serum potassium (S-K) and the impact of treatment on a patient’s QOL, in patients with HK.

This is a prospective cohort study with 6 months of follow-up in 30–40 outpatient nephrology and cardiology clinics in Japan. The participants will be 350 patients with CKD or CHF who received their first potassium binders (PB) prescription to treat HK within the previous 6 months. Medical records will be used to obtain information on S-K, on treatment of HK with PBs and with diet, and on the patients’ characteristics. To assess the impact of treatment on a patient’s QOL, questionnaires will be used to obtain generic health-related QOL, CKD-specific and CHF-specific QOL, and PB-specific QOL. Multivariable regression models will be used to quantify how treatment patterns and S-K control are related to the impact of treatment on a patient’s QOL.

Institutional review boards at all participating facilities review the study protocol. Patient consent will be obtained. The results will be published in international journals.

NCT05297409.

This study aimed to determine best practices for involving family caregivers in interventions aimed at preventing and reducing responsive behaviour stemming from unmet needs, including pain.

Scoping review, reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guideline.

PubMed, Embase, Emcare, Web of Science, COCHRANE Library, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier and Cinahl searched up to 23 July 2023.

Studies reporting on family involvement in interventions for nursing home residents with dementia were included.

Two researchers independently extracted the data, followed by a content analysis.

Of the 1486 records screened, 20 studies were included. Family caregivers were involved in interventions aimed at planning care, life review (eg, documentation of life experiences of their relative), and selecting activities for their relative. Family caregivers preferred an active role in developing optimal care for their relative. Drivers of success and barriers to family involvement centred around three themes: (1) communication between all involved; (2) prerequisites (organisational and other conditions) and (3) personal circumstances (family’s coping and skills).

Best practices for involving family caregivers in interventions aimed at addressing responsive behaviour in residents with dementia concerned those interventions in which family caregivers were given an important role in managing responsive behaviour. This means that, in order to achieve an active role of family caregivers in the whole care process, their needs must be taken into account.

The protocol of the review was regisered at OSF; https://osf.io/twcfq

The Japanese government suspended the proactive recommendation of the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPVv) in 2013, and the vaccination rate of HPVv declined to

Cross-sectional study analysed data obtained through a web-based, self-administered questionnaire survey.

The questionnaire was distributed to Japan Primary Care Association (JPCA) members.

JPCA members who were physicians and on the official JPCA mailing list (n=5395) were included.

The primary and secondary outcomes were the administration and recommendation of HPVv, respectively, by PCPs. The association between PCPs’ knowledge regarding vaccination and each outcome was determined based on their background and vaccination quiz scores and a logistic regression analysis to estimate the adjusted ORs (AORs).

We received responses from 1084 PCPs and included 981 of them in the analysis. PCPs with a higher score on the vaccination quiz were significantly more likely to administer the HPVv for routine and voluntary vaccination (AOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.58 to 3.28; AOR 2.71, 95% CI 1.81 to 4.04, respectively) and recommend the HPVv for routine and voluntary vaccination than PCPs with a lower score (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.92; AOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.67, respectively).

These results suggest that providing accurate knowledge regarding vaccination to PCPs may improve their administration and recommendation of HPVv, even in the absence of active government recommendations.