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Efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies on patients with glioma: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocol

Por: Nikoobakht · M. · Shamshiripour · P. · Mostafavi Zadeh · S. M. · Rahnama · M. · Hajiahmadi · F. · Ramezani · A. · Farzam Rad · V. · Nazari · E. · Moradi · A.-R. · Akbarpour · M. · Ahmadvand · D.
Introduction

Glial brain tumours are highly mortal and are noted as major neurosurgical challenges due to frequent recurrence or progression. Despite standard-of-care treatment for gliomas, the prognosis of patients with higher-grade glial tumours is still poor, and hence empowering antitumour immunity against glioma is a potential future oncological prospect. This review is designed to improve our understanding of the efficacy of cell-based immunotherapies for glioma.

Methods and analysis

This systematic review will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search of main electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Science EMBASE and ProQuest will be done on original articles, followed by a manual review of review articles. Only records in English and only clinical trials will be encountered for full-text review. All the appropriate studies that encountered the inclusion criteria will be screened, selected and then will undergo data extraction step by two independent authors. For meta-analyses, data heterogeneity for each parameter will be first evaluated by Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. In case of possible heterogeneity, a random-effects meta-analysis will be performed and for homogenous data, fixed-effects models will be selected for reporting the results of the proportional meta-analysis. Bias risk will be assessed through Begg’s and Egger’s tests and will also be visualised by Funnel plots.

Ethics and dissemination

As this study will be a systematic review without human participants’ involvement, no ethical registration is required and meta-analysis will be presented at a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022373297

Providing a comprehensive approach to oil well blowout risk assessment

by Mostafa Satiarvand, Neda Orak, Katayoon Varshosaz, Elham Mobarak Hassan, Mahboobeh Cheraghi

Drilling is one of the most dangerous activities in the oil and gas process industries. Therefore, a holistic approach was presented to prevent and control risks and reduce the uncertainty of blowouts, kick scenarios, and control layers based on the Fuzzy Bayesian Network (FBN). Four independent protection layers (IPLs) were used to evaluate the blowout outcome, and the failure probabilities of IPL1 and IPL2 were calculated with Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). Then, different events were transferred to the Bayesian Network (BN) in GeNIe software, and updated the probabilities. The Fuzzy Fault Tree (FFT) results reveal that the failure probabilities for IPL1 and IPL2 amount to 8.94×10−4 and 4.97×10−21, respectively. Also, the blowout probability results based on FFT were larger than FBN. According to FBN, the probability of the kick event was equal to 6.60×10−34. Sensitivity analysis showed that X1 (Mud volume/flow change) had the highest degree of importance in the blowout of oil wells. The results of this study can be used in both a preventive and reactive approach. Deductive and inductive reasoning, the dynamic nature and conditional dependencies, and causal relationships between events can make the model more realistic.

Efficacy of topical atorvastatin‐loaded emulgel and nano‐emulgel 1% on post‐laparotomy pain and wound healing: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Abstract

This study aimed to develop atorvastatin-loaded emulgel and nano-emulgel dosage forms and investigate their efficiency on surgical wound healing and reducing post-operative pain. This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in a surgical ward of a tertiary care hospital affiliated with university of medical sciences. The eligible patients were adults aged 18 years or older who were undergoing laparotomy. The participants were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three following groups of atorvastatin-loaded emulgel 1% (n = 20), atorvastatin-loaded nano-emulgel 1% (n = 20), and placebo emulgel (n = 20) twice a day for 14 days. The primary outcome was the Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, and Approximation (REEDA) scores to determine the rate of wound healing. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and quality of life were the secondary outcomes of this study. A total of 241 patients assessed for eligibility; of them, 60 patients completed the study and considered for final evaluation. A significant decrease in REEDA score was observed on Days 7 (63%) and 14 (93%) of treatment with atorvastatin nano-emulgel (p-value < 0.001). A significant decrease of 57% and 89% in REEDA score was reported at Days 7 and 14, respectively, in atorvastatin the emulgel group (p-value < 0.001). Reduction in pain VAS in the atorvastatin nano-emulgel was also recorded at Days 7 and 14 of the intervention. The results of the present study suggested that both topical atorvastatin-loaded emulgel and nano-emulgel 1% were effective in acceleration of wound healing and alleviation of pain of laparotomy surgical wounds, without causing intolerable side effects.

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