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Factors related to nurses' beliefs regarding pain assessment in people living with dementia

Abstract

Aim

To evaluate registered nurses' beliefs and related factors regarding pain assessment in people living with dementia.

Design

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted between July 2022 and April 2023.

Methods

An online survey comprised of demographics, knowledge scale, and beliefs scale relating to pain assessment in dementia was distributed to registered nurses (RNs) caring for people living with dementia in Australia.

Results

RNs (N = 131) completed the survey. Most respondents were females (87.0%) and self-identified as Caucasian (60.3%). The mean beliefs score was 72.60 (±6.39) out of a maximum possible score of 95. RNs' beliefs about pain assessment varied based on their education, dementia pain assessment knowledge, nursing experience, and ethnicity. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed factors significantly related to the beliefs score (i.e. education and dementia pain assessment knowledge).

Conclusion

The relationship between education and knowledge, and the beliefs score indicates the potential to improve RNs' knowledge and overcome their erroneous beliefs about pain assessment in dementia.

Implications for the profession and/or patient care

Education and training in assessing pain in people living with dementia should be tailored to overcome RNs' misconceived beliefs. These programmes should be integrated into continuous learning programmes.

Impact

Some RNs' beliefs about pain assessment in dementia were not evidence-based, and knowledge and educational status were the strongest factors related to RNs' beliefs. RNs' erroneous beliefs about pain assessment in dementia need to be addressed to improve pain assessment and management. Researchers should explore the potential of educational interventions to overcome RNs' misconceived beliefs about pain assessment in dementia.

Reporting Method

This study was reported adhering to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

RNs caring for people living with dementia participated as survey respondents. Additionally, RNs were involved in the pre-testing of the study's survey instrument.

Inhaled beclomethasone in the treatment of early COVID-19: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, hospital-based trial in Sri Lanka

Por: Mettananda · C. · Peiris · C. · Abeyrathna · D. · Gunasekara · A. · Egodage · T. · Dantanarayana · C. · Pathmeswaran · A. · Ranasinha · C.
Objectives

To study if early initiation of inhaled beclomethasone 1200 mcg in patients with asymptomatic, mild or moderate COVID-19 reduces disease progression to severe COVID-19.

Design

Double-blinded, parallel-groups, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting

A hospital-based study in Sri Lanka.

Participants

Adults with asymptomatic, mild or moderate COVID-19, presenting within the first 7 days of symptom onset or laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19, admitted to a COVID-19 intermediate treatment centre in Sri Lanka between July and November 2021.

Interventions

All participants received inhaled beclomethasone 600 mcg or placebo two times per day, for 10 days from onset of symptoms/COVID-19 test becoming positive if asymptomatic or until reaching primary endpoint, whichever is earlier.

Primary outcome measure

Progression of asymptomatic, mild or moderate COVID-19 to severe COVID-19.

Secondary outcome measures

The number of days with a temperature of 38°C or more and the time to self-reported clinical recovery.

Results

A total of 385 participants were randomised to receive beclomethasone(n=193) or placebo(n=192) stratified by age (≤60 or >60 years) and sex. One participant from each arm withdrew from the study. All participants were included in final analysis. Primary outcome occurred in 24 participants in the beclomethasone group and 26 participants in the placebo group (RR 0.90 ; p=0.763). The median time for self-reported clinical recovery in all participants was 5 days (95% CI 3 to 7) in the beclomethasone group and 5 days (95% CI 3 to 8) in the placebo group (p=0.5). The median time for self-reported clinical recovery in patients with moderate COVID-19 was 5 days (95% CI 3 to 7) in the beclomethasone group and 6 days (95% CI 4 to 9) in the placebo group (p=0.05). There were no adverse events.

Conclusions

Early initiation of inhaled beclomethasone in patients with asymptomatic, mild or moderate COVID-19 did not reduce disease progression to severe COVID-19.

Trial registration number

Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry; SLCTR/2021/017.

Self-collected samples as an additional option for STI testing in low-resource settings: a qualitative study of acceptability among adults in Rakai, Uganda

Por: Ogale · Y. P. · Grabowski · M. K. · Nabakka · P. · Ddaaki · W. · Nakubulwa · R. · Nakyanjo · N. · Nalugoda · F. · Kagaayi · J. · Kigozi · G. · Denison · J. A. · Gaydos · C. · Kennedy · C. E.
Introduction

Self-collected samples (SCS) for sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing have been shown to be feasible and acceptable in high-resource settings. However, few studies have assessed the acceptability of SCS for STI testing in a general population in low-resource settings. This study explored the acceptability of SCS among adults in south-central Uganda.

Methods

Nested within the Rakai Community Cohort Study, we conducted semistructured interviews with 36 adults who SCS for STI testing. We analysed the data using an adapted version of the Framework Method.

Results

Overall, SCS was acceptable to both male and female participants, regardless of whether they reported recent STI symptoms. Perceived advantages of SCS over provider-collection included increased privacy and confidentiality, gentleness and efficiency. Disadvantages included the lack of provider involvement, fear of self-harm and the perception that SCS was unhygienic. Most participants preferred provider-collected samples to SCS. Nevertheless, almost all said they would recommend SCS and would do it again in the future.

Conclusion

SCS are acceptable among adults in this low-resource setting and could be offered as an additional option to expand STI diagnostic services.

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