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Smoking cessation interventions should be promoted in cancer centers to improve clinical outcomes among cancer patients and the quality of life of cancer-free patients and survivors. The aim of the present study was to examine long-term abstinence (1, 3, and 5 years) among smokers who received an intensive nurse-led smoking cessation intervention.
A prospective follow-up study was conducted in a smoking cessation clinic in Barcelona.
The study included 479 smokers who received a nurse-led smoking cessation intervention that included motivational interviewing, psychological support, behavioral change counseling, promotion of smoke-free policies, and relapse-prevention strategies, as well as pharmacotherapy if necessary, for 12 months. We calculated overall and sex-specific 1-, 3-, and 5-year abstinence probabilities (Kaplan–Meier curves) and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of relapse with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression.
The overall probability of abstinence at 1 and 5 years was 0.561 (95% CI: 0.516–0.606) and 0.364 (95% CI: 0.311–0.417), respectively. Females had a higher, but not significant, hazard ratio for relapse compared to males (aHR = 1.180; 95% CI: 0.905–1.538). Attending <5 visits was the most remarkable determinant of relapsing compared to attending 5–9 visits or ≥10 visits, both overall and by sex (p for trend: overall, p < 0.001; males, p = 0.007; and females, p < 0.001).
Abstinence probability decreased over the 5-year follow-up but was relatively high. Males had higher abstinence rates than females in all follow-up periods. Completeness of the intensive intervention was the main predictor of cessation.
Smoking cessation interventions should consider sex and incorporate strategies to increase adherence to obtain higher long-term abstinence rates.
To design and implement a plan to improve oncohaematological patients’ sleep.
The hospital environment can compromise inpatients’ sleep, negatively impacting on health outcomes and patient satisfaction.
The improvement plan was designed in collaboration with 18 professionals, 3 patients and 3 accompanying relatives. The study designed followed the SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines. Outcome variables were self-reported patient satisfaction regarding sleep, measured using a 30-item, ad hoc questionnaire and a 10-point visual analogue scale, completed by 318 oncohaematological inpatients (pre-intervention n = 120, post-intervention, n = 198) in a comprehensive cancer centre in Spain from 2017 to 2019.
Overall, 61.5% (n = 190) of the inpatients reported sleep alterations, and 92.6% reported interruptions in their nightly sleep. Half slept less than 6 h/night, but 58.0% said they felt rested upon waking, despite the interruptions. These outcomes were similar before and after the intervention. The improvement plan identified four domains for work (professionals, care procedures, instruments/environment and patients/relatives), 10 areas for improvement and 35 actions for implementation.
However, overall sleep worsened significantly, from 6.73 to 6.06 on the 10-point scale. The intervention significantly improved variables related to professionals’ behaviour, including noise during the shift change, conversations at the control desk and the use of corridor lights. Sleep disturbances were mainly caused by pain/discomfort and infuser alarms, and collectively they decreased significantly after the intervention (p = .008). However, overall sleep worsened significantly, from 6.73 to 6.06 on the 10-point scale.
Pain, clinical devices and noise made by professionals are the main causes of sleep disturbances. Involving professionals in decision-making to improve patients’ sleep have a positive impact on noise levels.
This study proposes new strategies for improving sleep by increasing staff awareness and changing attitudes towards patients’ sleep. Nurses should be involved in addressing sleep disturbances during hospitalization.
Los accidentes de tránsito han disminuido en aquellas regiones donde el distanciamiento social se ha utilizado como medida para limitar la expansión de la pandemia por COVID-19. No obstante esa disminución, los profesionales de salud que intervienen en el rescate de víctimas atrapadas en vehículos automotores se enfrentan a nuevos retos para mantener la bioseguridad durante la extricación vehicu-lar. Con el objetivo de mostrar las acciones estandarizadas para establecer medidas preventivas que garanticen la seguridad del perso-nal de auxilio inmediato se detallan los pasos a seguir durante el proceso. Estas acciones comienzan con la valoración del estado de salud y dos etapas de preparación: 1) verificación de ausencia de riesgos para el personal de rescate que frente a la pandemia incluye un especial énfasis en evitar las aglomeraciones y 2) verificación del equipo de protección individual reforzado con nuevos implementos para la bioseguridad.
Con el objetivo de desarrollar un plan de cuidados estandarizado, dirigido al tratamiento oportuno de mujeres con riesgo de shock por hemorragia obstétrica se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura que llevó a identificar los indicios claves en esta situación y los factores de riesgo para construir el diagnóstico de enfermería utilizando como guía la taxonomía NANDA y se complementó con los resultados NOC y las intervenciones NIC. A partir de la etiqueta diagnostica riesgo de shock asociada al factor de riesgo hipovolemia se construyó un plan de cuidados de enfermería basado en evidencia científica que oriente el cuidado integral y contribuya a la prevención de muerte materna. Conclusiones: Los planes estandarizados sintetizan evidencias científicas que el profesional de enfermería puede utilizar para establecer medidas preventivas que garanticen la identificación temprana y la limitación del daño de complicaciones de aparición frecuente como el shock asociado a hemorragia obstétrica.
Objetivo: describir el conocimiento, uso y percepción de nocividad de los cigarrillos electrónicos en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Metodología: estudio transversal con 380 estudiantes del grado de medicina y enfermería de la Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (Barcelona, España) mediante cuestionario autoadministrado, incluyendo variables sociodemográficas y consumo tabáquico. Se calcularon prevalencias y odds ratio (IC 95%). Se analizaron diferencias entre grupos sobre la percepción de nocividad. Resultados: el 97,9% conocía estos productos. El 29,2% lo habían probado alguna vez, siendo mayor su uso entre fumadores y estudiantes de enfermería. El 15,5% de no fumadores lo había utilizado alguna vez, el 62,5% de ellos con nicotina. El principal motivo de uso fue la curiosidad (70,1%). Conclusión: los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que los cigarrillos electrónicos pueden ser una entrada a productos con nicotina entre la población joven no fumadora.
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