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Proceso de enfermería en la asistencia a pacientes en terapia de hemodiálisis

Objetivo: identificar los diagnósticos de enfermería y las intervenciones más frecuentes en la asistencia a los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo con un enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 175 prontuarios de pacientes en hemodiálisis, asistidos en el servicio por un período de seis meses. Para la recolección de los datos, se utilizó la plataforma Google Forms®, generando una hoja de trabajo en Microsoft Excel®, un software que permite organizar, describir y analizar los mismos. Resultados principales: se identificaron tres diagnósticos de enfermería como más frecuentes: Riesgo de sangrado (67,2%); Riesgo de caída (56,5%) y Exceso de volumen de líquido (54,8%), en más de la mitad de los pacientes de acuerdo con los registros en los prontuarios. Las intervenciones de enfermería están dirigidas por el protocolo del procedimiento de hemodiálisis y no por los diagnósticos de enfermería. Conclusión: los diagnósticos más frecuentes se centran en las condiciones clínicas de la población estudiada, y no subvencionan las intervenciones de enfermería, que se definen con base en técnica de hemodiálisis.

Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud, de pacientes dializados, Hospital Puerto Montt, Chile

Objetivo: Describir variables clínicas, sociodemográficas, Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS) en Hemodiálisis (HD) y Peritoneodiálisis (PD), en Hospital Puerto Montt, Chile. Metodología: cuantitativo descriptivo, transversal. n=75 (47 HD, 28 PD). Aprobado por Comité de Ética, revisión fichas clínicas, cuestionario sociodemográfico y KDQOL-36. Resultados: 51% mujeres, 49% hombres, 56% sector urbano, 20% 51-60 años. HD: 49% casados, 36% tratamiento sobre 84 meses. PD; 43% casados, 25% tratamiento 12-48 meses. KDQOL-36: 43% HD y 54% PD perciben “Buena” su salud. Esfera física; 25%, ambas terapias, refiere limitación en actividades de la vida diaria; 38% de PD refiere dolor “moderado”. Esfera psicológica; HD 28% refiere tranquilidad y sosiego “casi siempre”; PD 35% desánimo y tristeza “algunas veces”. Conclusiones: existe impacto negativo en dimensiones de CVRS; pero, globalmente considerada “Buena”; permitiendo formular mejoras para pacientes.

Relación dialógica en el proceso de muerte/morir en un entorno hospitalario

Objetivo: conocer cómo se produce la relación dialógica entre los trabajadores del equipo de enfermería, los miembros de la familia y las personas en el proceso de muerte e morir en entorno de atención. Metodología: investigación cualitativa, desarrollada en un Hospital Universitario de marzo a junio de 2016, inspirada en la metodología de Leininger. Los datos se recopilaron mediante observaciones y entrevistas, con 24 familiares cuidadores y 47 trabajadores del equipo de enfermería como informantes clave, 18 trabajadores de enfermería y 15 familiares cuidadores. Resultados: se delimitaron las categorías: interrelaciones en el entorno hospitalario: mirar el proceso de muerte y morir del otro y de uno mismo y estrategias recursivas para repensar relacionadas con el proceso de muerte y morir. Conclusión: reitera la importancia de capacitar la equipe de enfermería para cuidar a los seres que experimentan el proceso de muerte y morir como una necesidad no solo organizativa, sino ética.

¿Existen cuestionarios de enfermería para predecir el deterioro neurológico en la Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica?

Objetivo principal: identificar la existencia de escalas de medición validadas que nos ayuden a predecir la existencia de deterioro neurológico del origen respiratorio y digestivo. Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en diciembre de 2019 en las principales bases de datos. Resultados principales: se incluyeron artículos que describen instrumentos para la detección precoz del deterioro neurológico y la calidad de vida en pacientes con Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica. Se incluyeron 15 artículos que nos brindaron información sobre los ocho cuestionarios más importantes disponibles y validados para evaluar la progresión de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (EuroQoL, SF-12, SPB, ALSFR, ALSFRS-R, NPS, DMN, ALSAQ40). Conclusión principal: a pesar del trabajo constante para mejorar la calidad de vida y la dignidad de los pacientes y sus familias, actualmente no existe un cuestionario validado que prediga la existencia de deterioro neurológico respiratorio y digestivo.

Políticas públicas de atención integral a la salud de personas que conviven con el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana

Objetivo: caracterizar las producciones científicas sobre atención integral de salud, promovidas a través de políticas públicas para perso-nas que conviven con el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de literatura, a través de la búsqueda en las bases de datos PUBMED, LILACS y la biblioteca virtual SCIELO, utilizando los descriptores “Políticas Públicas de salud”, “Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida”, “Atención integral de salud” y el operador booleano “Y”, resultando en una muestra, después de leídos, de 12 artículos. Los resultados de este estudio nos permitieron identificar y clasificar el estado de las políticas públicas para la atención de esta población, en tres categorías: A: políticas y / o directrices insuficientes; B: Necesidad de mejoras e inversiones en políticas existentes; C: éxito de los programas, siendo imprescindible una articulación internacional de gobiernos y organismos no gubernamentales para la elaboración de políticas más ajustadas a las realidades y objetivando la atención integral de salud de esta población.

Immersive Simulation Training: Comparing the impact on midwifery and paramedic students’ confidence to perform basic life support skills

Simulated practice using high fidelity has been shown to have significant benefits in the medical and nursing field. However, the benefits among paramedical and midwifery students are not well known.

Assessing mental health during pregnancy: an exploratory qualitative study of midwives’ perceptions

: Mental health disorders are estimated to affect between 10% and 20% of women who access maternity services and can be defined as a public health issue due to the potential consequences for women, children and families. Detecting problems early in pregnancy can significantly improve outcomes for women and their families. However, mental health problems are not being consistently identified in routine midwifery practice and little is known from current literature about midwives’ practice in relation to current national guidelines or the impact models of care have on assessing maternal mental health.

Technology-supported lifestyle interventions to improve maternal-fetal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy (ACOG Practice Bulletin, 2018). As one of the most common obstetric complications, GDM affects 6%-8% of pregnant women globally according to recent reports and its incidence continues to rise (Iftikhar et al., 2019, Lee et al., 2018), making GDM a major public health problem (Al Wattar, 2019). Multiple studies have confirmed that gestational diabetes is associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes including preeclampsia, miscarriage, cesarean delivery, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and birth trauma (2018, Al Wattar, 2019, Blumberg et al., 2018, Schiavone et al., 2016).

The impact of psychosocial factors on breastfeeding duration in the BaBi-Study. Analysis of a birth cohort study in Germany

Breastfeeding is beneficial for both mother and child. A breastfed child can benefit from improved mental developments, protection against infectious diseases and infectious disease mortality, and a decreased risk of overweight and obesity(Whalen and Cramton 2010) (Regional Office for Europe (World Health Organisation) 2019). Furthermore, there is evidence on protection against type 1 and 2 diabetes, allergic rhinitis, asthma or wheezing, atopic dermatitis, childhood leukemia, hypercholesterolemia later in life, sudden infant death syndrome (Whalen and Cramton 2010) and malocclusion (Victora et al.

Cultural beliefs and Health-Seeking Practices: Rural Zambians' Views on Maternal-Newborn Care

In Zambia, the newborn mortality rate is 34 per 1,000 live births (UNICEF, 2017) and the infant mortality rate is 44 per 1,000 live births (UNICEF, 2018). To promote improved newborn health outcomes in rural Zambia, new knowledge is needed to enhance our understanding of newborn care and cultural factors influencing the ways mothers seek newborn care. Several studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) show cultural beliefs strongly influence behavior during pregnancy, childbirth, and care-seeking (Lang-Baldé & Amerson, 2018; Lori & Boyle, 2011; Maimbolwa, Yamba, Diwan, & Ransjö-Arvidson, 2003; Raman, Nicholls, Ritchie, Razee, & Shafiee, 2016).

A community of practice in a midwifery led unit. How the culture and environment shape the learning experience of student midwives

: to explore the teaching and learning experience of midwifery mentors and student midwives in a midwifery led unit. The aim of this paper is to discuss how a conceptual framework emerged from the findings of the study.

The development of Midwifery Unit Standards for Europe

The WHO Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents’ Health 2016-2030 emphasises the importance of maternity services in preventing illness and promoting optimal clinical outcomes (Every Woman Every Child, 2015). Midwifery has been recognised as having huge potential for transformation; worldwide, over 50 health outcomes could be improved by expanding provision and access to quality midwifery care (Renfrew, et al., 2014). Midwifery care is also associated with efficient use of resources (Renfrew, et al., 2014).

Why do community members believe mothers and babies are dying? Behavioral versus situational attribution in rural northern Ghana

Rates of maternal and neonatal death remain high in the Global South, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, indicators vary significantly by geography. This study aimed to understand what communities in northern Ghana with frequent maternal and newborn deaths or near deaths (near-misses) perceive to be the causes. As part of a larger study, four communities in Ghana's Northern Region were identified as areas with high concentrations of deaths and near-misses of mothers and babies.

A qualitative study of a sample of women participating in an Australian randomised controlled trial of intrapartum fetal surveillance

The STan Australian Randomised controlled Trial (START), the first of its kind in Australia, compares two techniques of intrapartum fetal surveillance (cardiotocographic electronic fetal monitoring (CTG) plus analysis of the ST segment of the fetal electrocardiogram (STan+CTG) with CTG alone) with the aim of reducing unnecessary obstetric intervention. It is also the first comprehensive intrapartum fetal surveillance (IFS) trial worldwide, including qualitative examination of psychosocial outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

“Are you doing your pelvic floor?” An ethnographic exploration of the interaction between women and midwives about pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) during pregnancy

Many women experience urinary incontinence (UI) during and after pregnancy. Pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) can prevent and reduce the symptoms of UI. The objective of the study was to explore challenges, opportunities and concerns for women and health care professionals (HCPs), related to the implementation of PFME training for women in current antenatal care.

The impact of human trafficking in relation to maternity care: A literature review

Human trafficking is an international crime and violation of human rights defined as the recruitment and movement of people for the purposes of exploitation – using coercion, deception, and abuse of vulnerability (PROTECT Report for the Department of Health Policy Research Programme, 2015). Trafficking falls under the umbrella term of ‘Modern Slavery’ which additionally encompasses slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour (Department of Justice, 2019). In 2013, there were an estimated 10,000–13,000 potential victims of modern slavery in the UK (Department of Justice, 2019); its scale is gradually increasing due a number of social and economic factors (Wheaton et al., 2010).

Evidence and guidelines for trauma-informed doula care

Although trauma and trauma-related health conditions are increasingly common among childbearing people (Sperlich et al., 2017; Vignato et al., 2017), there is a dearth of published evidence and guidance on trauma-informed doula care. Trauma refers to an event(s) or circumstances that are experienced as physically or emotionally harmful or life threatening and that have lasting adverse effects on wellbeing (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA, 2014)). This can include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and negative pregnancy-related outcomes such as substance use, prematurity, low birth weight, postpartum depression, difficulty bonding with the baby, children with PTSD, or even maternal and infant death (Sperlich et al., 2017; Kilpatrick 2017; Kendig et al., 2017).

Development, psychometric assessment, and predictive validity of the comprehensive breastfeeding knowledge scale

To develop a breastfeeding knowledge scale that aligns with the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative and psychometrically test it among expectant parents.

Perinatal contraceptive counselling: Effectiveness of a reinforcement intervention on top of standard clinical practice

To assess the effectiveness of supplemental perinatal contraceptive counselling in addition to standard Spanish postpartum contraceptive counselling with regard to contraceptive use and use of effective contraception up to 1 year postpartum. Women's satisfaction with counselling and the method chosen was also assessed.
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